9129767 YD63T52A 1 apa 50 date desc year Deane 18 https://gdeane.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A50%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22U8VDW8UJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tumminello%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-11-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETumminello%2C%20P.%20R.%2C%20Niles%2C%20R.%2C%20Valdez%2C%20V.%2C%20Madawala%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Gamage%2C%20D.%20K.%2C%20Kimble%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Leibensperger%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Huang%2C%20C.%2C%20Kaluarachchi%2C%20C.%2C%20Dinasquet%2C%20J.%2C%20Malfatti%2C%20F.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Stone%2C%20E.%2C%20Tivanski%2C%20A.%2C%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Boor%2C%20B.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Slade%2C%20J.%20H.%20%282024%29.%20Size-Dependent%20Nascent%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosol%20Bounce%20Fractions%20and%20Estimated%20Viscosity%3A%20The%20Role%20of%20Divalent%20Cation%20Enrichment%2C%20Surface%20Tension%2C%20and%20the%20Kelvin%20Effect.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2844%29%2C%2019666%26%23x2013%3B19678.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facs.est.4c04312%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facs.est.4c04312%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Size-Dependent%20Nascent%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosol%20Bounce%20Fractions%20and%20Estimated%20Viscosity%3A%20The%20Role%20of%20Divalent%20Cation%20Enrichment%2C%20Surface%20Tension%2C%20and%20the%20Kelvin%20Effect%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tumminello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valdez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chamika%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madawala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dilini%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gamage%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ke%5Cu2019La%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kimble%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raymond%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leibensperger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chunxu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chathuri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaluarachchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dinasquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malfatti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20Dale%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tivanski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brandon%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slade%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-11-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1021%5C%2Facs.est.4c04312%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220013-936X%2C%201520-5851%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubs.acs.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facs.est.4c04312%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-21T23%3A58%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PQVMA9S5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grossman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGrossman%2C%20S.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20H.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20%282024%29.%20Toward%20monitoring%20submarine%20glacier%20melt%20using%20hydroacoustics%3A%20The%20role%20of%20timescale%20in%20the%20signal%20of%20bubble%20release.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Journal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E156%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%201820%26%23x2013%3B1838.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0028628%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0028628%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Toward%20monitoring%20submarine%20glacier%20melt%20using%20hydroacoustics%3A%20The%20role%20of%20timescale%20in%20the%20signal%20of%20bubble%20release%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shayna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grossman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hayden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dale%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Submarine%20glacier%20melt%20plays%20a%20key%20role%20in%20determining%20glacier%20stability%20and%20driving%20glacier%20mass%20loss.%20However%2C%20quantifying%20submarine%20melt%20remains%20challenging%20due%20to%20occupational%20hazards%20near%20glacier%20termini.%20One%20method%20that%20has%20been%20proposed%20as%20a%20low-cost%20long-term%20option%20for%20remote%20sensing%2C%20though%20remains%20unproven%2C%20is%20to%20use%20the%20sounds%20of%20glacier%20ice%20bubbles%20to%20study%20submarine%20melt%20from%20afar.%20Calculating%20melt%20rate%20from%20bubble%20acoustics%20remains%20complicated%20because%20different%20bubbles%20produce%20acoustic%20energy%20heterogeneously.%20This%20study%20investigates%20the%20physical%20factors%20that%20cause%20this%20heterogeneity.%20A%20computational%20method%20to%20determine%20time%20scales%20of%20acoustical%20excitation%20and%20acoustic%20energy%20values%20is%20proposed%20and%20utilized%20to%20analyze%20203%20bubble%20release%20events%20from%20glacier%20ice%20collected%20in%20Svalbard%2C%20Norway.%20The%20distributions%20of%20these%20variables%20are%20used%20to%20show%20the%20existence%20of%20two%20separate%20types%20of%20bubble%20release%20events.%20Additionally%2C%20internal%20pressures%20are%20determined%20for%20the%20subset%20of%20events%20with%20the%20highest%20acoustic%20energy%20values.%20No%20straightforward%20relationship%20between%20time%20scale%20of%20excitation%20and%20internal%20pressure%20is%20found.%20This%20work%20begins%20to%20untangle%20the%20acoustic%20signal%20of%20submarine%20glacier%20melt%20and%20necessitates%20further%20research%20into%20the%20environmental%20factors%20modulating%20bubble%20release.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-09-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0028628%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubs.aip.org%5C%2Fjasa%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F156%5C%2F3%5C%2F1820%5C%2F3313023%5C%2FToward-monitoring-submarine-glacier-melt-using%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-14T21%3A45%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LV6QXG6P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Madawala%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-07-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMadawala%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Molina%2C%20C.%2C%20Kim%2C%20D.%2C%20Gamage%2C%20D.%20K.%2C%20Sun%2C%20M.%2C%20Leibensperger%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Mehndiratta%2C%20L.%2C%20Lee%2C%20J.%2C%20Kaluarachchi%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Kimble%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Sandstrom%2C%20G.%2C%20Harb%2C%20C.%2C%20Dinasquet%2C%20J.%2C%20Malfatti%2C%20F.%2C%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%2C%20Slade%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Tivanski%2C%20A.%20V.%20%282024%29.%20Effects%20of%20Wind%20Speed%20on%20Size-Dependent%20Morphology%20and%20Composition%20of%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosols.%20%3Ci%3EACS%20Earth%20and%20Space%20Chemistry%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20acsearthspacechem.4c00119.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsearthspacechem.4c00119%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsearthspacechem.4c00119%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20Wind%20Speed%20on%20Size-Dependent%20Morphology%20and%20Composition%20of%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosols%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chamika%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madawala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deborah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dilini%20Kirindigoda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gamage%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mengnan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raymond%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leibensperger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lincoln%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mehndiratta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chathuri%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaluarachchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ke%5Cu2019La%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kimble%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sandstrom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charbel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dinasquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malfatti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20Dale%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vicki%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grassian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexei%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tivanski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-07-16%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1021%5C%2Facsearthspacechem.4c00119%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222472-3452%2C%202472-3452%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubs.acs.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsearthspacechem.4c00119%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%2C%22U6IKZG3S%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-07-30T21%3A14%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JAIAA65T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arikan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArikan%2C%20T.%2C%20Weiss%2C%20A.%2C%20Vishnu%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Singer%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wornell%2C%20G.%20W.%20%282024%29.%20A%20deep%20learning%20method%20for%20reflective%20boundary%20estimation.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Journal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E156%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2065%26%23x2013%3B80.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0026437%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0026437%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20deep%20learning%20method%20for%20reflective%20boundary%20estimation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toros%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arikan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vishnu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wornell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Environment%20estimation%20is%20a%20challenging%20task%20in%20reverberant%20settings%20such%20as%20the%20underwater%20and%20indoor%20acoustic%20domains.%20The%20locations%20of%20reflective%20boundaries%2C%20for%20example%2C%20can%20be%20estimated%20using%20acoustic%20echoes%20and%20leveraged%20for%20subsequent%2C%20more%20accurate%20localization%20and%20mapping.%20Current%20boundary%20estimation%20methods%20are%20constrained%20to%20high%20signal-to-noise%20ratios%20or%20are%20customized%20to%20specific%20environments.%20Existing%20methods%20also%20often%20require%20a%20correct%20assignment%20of%20echoes%20to%20boundaries%2C%20which%20is%20difficult%20if%20spurious%20echoes%20are%20detected.%20To%20evade%20these%20limitations%2C%20a%20convolutional%20neural%20network%20%28NN%29%20method%20is%20developed%20for%20robust%20two-dimensional%20boundary%20estimation%2C%20given%20known%20emitter%20and%20receiver%20locations.%20A%20Hough%20transform-inspired%20algorithm%20is%20leveraged%20to%20transform%20echo%20times%20of%20arrival%20into%20images%2C%20which%20are%20amenable%20to%20multi-resolution%20regression%20by%20NNs.%20The%20same%20architecture%20is%20trained%20on%20transform%20images%20of%20different%20resolutions%20to%20obtain%20diverse%20NNs%2C%20deployed%20sequentially%20for%20increasingly%20refined%20boundary%20estimation.%20A%20correct%20echo%20labeling%20solution%20is%20not%20required%2C%20and%20the%20method%20is%20robust%20to%20reverberation.%20The%20proposed%20method%20is%20tested%20in%20simulation%20and%20for%20real%20data%20from%20a%20water%20tank%2C%20where%20it%20outperforms%20state-of-the-art%20alternatives.%20These%20results%20are%20encouraging%20for%20the%20future%20development%20of%20data-driven%20three-dimensional%20environment%20estimation%20with%20high%20practical%20value%20in%20underwater%20acoustic%20detection%20and%20tracking.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-07-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0026437%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubs.aip.org%5C%2Fjasa%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F156%5C%2F1%5C%2F65%5C%2F3300599%5C%2FA-deep-learning-method-for-reflective-boundary%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-07-30T18%3A19%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z8S5BSYF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Johnson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-01-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJohnson%2C%20H.%20A.%2C%20Glowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282024%29.%20Brief%20communication%3A%20A%20technique%20for%20making%20in%20situ%20measurements%20at%20the%20ice%26%23x2013%3Bwater%20boundary%20of%20small%20pieces%20of%20floating%20glacier%20ice.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Cryosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20265%26%23x2013%3B272.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Ftc-18-265-2024%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Ftc-18-265-2024%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Brief%20communication%3A%20A%20technique%20for%20making%20in%20situ%20measurements%20at%20the%20ice%5Cu2013water%20boundary%20of%20small%20pieces%20of%20floating%20glacier%20ice%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hayden%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oskar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20Dale%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract.%20This%20paper%20presents%20an%20apparatus%20and%20associated%20methods%20for%20making%20direct%20in%20situ%20measurements%20of%20the%20ice%5Cu2013water%20boundary%20of%20small%20pieces%20of%20floating%20glacier%20ice.%20The%20method%20involves%20approaching%20ice%20pieces%20in%20a%20small%20boat%20and%20attaching%20a%20frame%20with%20instruments%20on%20it%20to%20them%20using%20ice%20screws.%20These%20types%20of%20measurements%20provide%20an%20opportunity%20to%20study%20small-scale%20processes%20at%20the%20ice%5Cu2013water%20interface%20which%20control%20heat%20flux%20across%20the%20boundary.%20Recent%20studies%20have%20suggested%20that%20current%20parameterizations%20of%20these%20processes%20may%20be%20performing%20poorly.%20Improving%20understanding%20of%20these%20processes%20may%20allow%20for%20more%20accurate%20theoretical%20and%20model%20descriptions%20of%20submarine%20melting.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-01-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Ftc-18-265-2024%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221994-0424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftc.copernicus.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F18%5C%2F265%5C%2F2024%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-20T21%3A36%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V5DCAGJD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dubitsky%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDubitsky%2C%20L.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bird%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282024%29.%20Modeling%20the%20Concentration%20Enhancement%20and%20Selectivity%20of%20Plastic%20Particle%20Transport%20in%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosols.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E129%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20e2023JC020396.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020396%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020396%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20the%20Concentration%20Enhancement%20and%20Selectivity%20of%20Plastic%20Particle%20Transport%20in%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosols%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubitsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dale%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bird%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Bursting%20bubbles%20transport%20bacteria%2C%20viruses%2C%20and%20other%20marine%20particles%20across%20the%20air%5Cu2010sea%20interface.%20This%20effect%20is%20enhanced%20when%20particles%20are%20hydrophobic%20and%20cling%20to%20the%20bubbles%20as%20they%20rise.%20Recent%20studies%20suggest%20that%20plastic%20particles%2C%20a%20major%20ocean%20pollutant%2C%20can%20also%20be%20transported%20by%20sea%20spray.%20However%2C%20estimates%20of%20plastic%20transport%20via%20this%20pathway%20have%20large%20uncertainties%20due%20to%20limited%20size%20detection%20techniques%20in%20field%20studies%20and%20few%20lab%20studies.%20An%20understanding%20of%20the%20number%20and%20size%20of%20particles%20carried%20in%20the%20smallest%20drops%2C%20which%20have%20the%20longest%20residence%20time%20in%20the%20atmosphere%2C%20is%20missing%20from%20current%20literature.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20a%20modeling%20framework%20to%20provide%20bounds%20on%20the%20number%2C%20area%2C%20and%20volume%20transport%20of%20non%5Cu2010scavenged%20hydrophilic%20and%20fully%5Cu2010scavenged%20hydrophobic%20particles%20of%20radii%20between%200.1%20and%20100%5Cu00a0%5Cu03bcm%20for%20a%20range%20of%20jet%20and%20film%20drops.%20For%20droplets%20containing%20plastic%20particulates%2C%20we%20predict%20particle%20enrichment%20is%20significantly%20higher%20in%20jet%20drops%20than%20film%20drops.%20For%20particles%20in%20these%20jet%20drops%2C%20our%20results%20suggest%20that%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20bubble%20scavenging%2C%20the%20number%20distribution%20is%20dominated%20by%20smaller%20plastics%2C%20the%20mass%5C%2Fvolume%20distribution%20by%20larger%20plastics%2C%20and%20surface%20area%20distribution%20is%20balanced%20across%20plastic%20size.%20Whereas%20for%20hydrophobic%20particles%2C%20scavenging%20dramatically%20modifies%20these%20distributions%2C%20enhancing%20certain%20particle%5Cu2013droplet%20size%20combinations%20by%20over%20four%20orders%20of%20magnitude.%20Our%20predictions%20suggest%20critical%20effects%20of%20enrichment%20in%20air%5Cu2010sea%20particle%20transport%20and%20highlight%20the%20variable%20dependencies%20on%20bubble%20and%20particle%20size%2C%20improving%20our%20theoretical%20understanding%20of%20plastic%20and%20marine%20particle%20transport%20and%20identifying%20modeling%20assumptions%20to%20refine%20with%20experimental%20measurements.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plastic%20particles%20in%20the%20oceans%20are%20a%20topic%20of%20growing%20concern%20due%20to%20their%20spread%20throughout%20the%20environment.%20The%20oceans%20are%20a%20reservoir%20of%20plastics%2C%20however%20recent%20studies%20have%20found%20that%20bursting%20bubbles%20can%20eject%20the%20plastic%20into%20the%20atmosphere%2C%20where%20it%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20be%20transported%20much%20further.%20We%20create%20a%20first%5Cu2010principles%20modeling%20framework%20to%20estimate%20the%20expected%20effects%20of%20particle%20and%20bubble%20size%20on%20the%20transport%20of%20hydrophobic%20and%20hydrophilic%20particles.%20We%20predict%20bounds%20on%20the%20extent%20that%20hydrophobic%20particles%2C%20like%20some%20plastics%2C%20may%20be%20highly%20selected%20to%20become%20airborne%20compared%20to%20hydrophilic%20particles.%20Selectivity%20effects%20are%20especially%20significant%20for%20the%20small%20airborne%20drops%2C%20which%20is%20important%20if%20it%20is%20the%20size%20of%20the%20drops%20rather%20than%20the%20size%20of%20the%20particle%20that%20influences%20the%20time%20they%20remain%20suspended%20in%20the%20atmosphere.%20This%20model%20provides%20a%20means%20to%20untangle%20the%20effects%20of%20bubble%20and%20particle%20size%2C%20as%20well%20as%20provide%20theoretical%20predictions%20to%20test%20against%20experimental%20data.%20This%20generic%20framework%20can%20be%20applied%20to%20the%20air%5Cu2010sea%20transport%20of%20particles%20beyond%20plastics%2C%20with%20important%20implications%20to%20the%20selective%20aerosolization%20of%20other%20particles%20such%20as%20viruses%20or%20bacteria.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Modeling%20reveals%20how%20the%20air%5Cu2010sea%20transfer%20of%20hydrophilic%5C%2Fphobic%20particles%20between%200.1%20and%20100%20%5Cu03bcm%20in%20radius%20varies%20with%20particle%20and%20bubble%20size%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Particle%20hydrophobicity%20may%20be%20key%20to%20air%5Cu2010sea%20transport%20as%20particles%20are%20selectively%20aerosolized%20up%20to%20300%2C000x%20under%20the%20conditions%20modeled%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20For%20drops%20containing%20plastic%20particulates%2C%20model%20predicts%20particle%20enrichment%20is%20significantly%20higher%20in%20jet%20drops%20than%20film%20drops%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023JC020396%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020396%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-07-15T21%3A01%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FHHGVZC6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Callaghan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECallaghan%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282024%29.%20A%20Comparison%20of%20Laboratory%20and%20Field%20Measurements%20of%20Whitecap%20Foam%20Evolution%20From%20Breaking%20Waves.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E129%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20e2023JC020193.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020193%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020193%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Comparison%20of%20Laboratory%20and%20Field%20Measurements%20of%20Whitecap%20Foam%20Evolution%20From%20Breaking%20Waves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callaghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20Dale%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Sufficiently%20energetic%20breaking%20ocean%20waves%20produce%20distinctive%20visible%20foam%20signatures%20on%20the%20water%20surface%20called%20whitecaps.%20The%20mixture%20of%20surface%20whitecap%20foam%20cells%2C%20and%20sub%5Cu2010surface%20bubbles%2C%20results%20in%20the%20broad%5Cu2010band%20scattering%20of%20light%20that%20allow%20whitecaps%20to%20be%20measured%20with%20optical%20cameras.%20In%20this%20paper%20the%20temporal%20evolution%20of%20whitecap%20foam%20area%20from%20laboratory%20and%20oceanic%20breaking%20waves%20is%20compared.%20When%20appropriately%20scaled%2C%20the%20foam%20area%20time%20series%20for%20both%20laboratory%20and%20oceanic%20breaking%20waves%20follow%20similar%20trends%2C%20despite%20occurring%20in%20vastly%20different%20settings.%20Distinct%20similarities%20of%20the%20signature%20of%20foam%20stabilization%20due%20to%20the%20presence%20of%20surfactants%20in%20the%20controlled%20laboratory%20experiments%20are%20also%20found%20in%20the%20field%20suggesting%20foam%20stabilization%20may%20be%20a%20means%20to%20remotely%20sense%20the%20presence%5C%2Fabsence%20or%20concentration%20of%20surfactants%20in%20the%20ocean.%20In%20addition%2C%20probability%20density%20distributions%20of%20key%20whitecap%20variables%20such%20as%20foam%20area%20growth%20and%20decay%20timescales%20and%20maximum%20foam%20area%20are%20compared%20between%20laboratory%20and%20oceanic%20whitecaps.%20The%20oceanic%20whitecaps%20are%20much%20larger%20in%20scale%20than%20the%20laboratory%20breaking%20waves%2C%20whereas%20the%20whitecap%20growth%20and%20decay%20timescales%20are%20similar%20in%20magnitude%2C%20the%20latter%20suggesting%20that%20the%20depths%20to%20which%20bubbles%20are%20injected%20during%20active%20air%20entrainment%20in%20the%20field%20are%20relatively%20shallow.%20The%20aggregated%20whitecap%20statistics%20are%20used%20to%20estimate%20the%20energy%20dissipation%20of%20individual%20whitecaps%20in%20a%20novel%20manner.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20breaking%20of%20ocean%20waves%20is%20a%20key%20process%20controlling%20the%20evolution%20of%20oceanic%20sea%20states%20and%20the%20exchange%20of%20energy%2C%20momentum%20and%20material%20across%20the%20ocean%5Cu2010atmosphere%20interface.%20Despite%20their%20importance%2C%20little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20energetics%20of%20individual%20breaking%20waves%20in%20the%20ocean%20because%20of%20the%20difficulty%20in%20precisely%20measuring%20the%20complicated%20fluid%20motions%20they%20produce.%20However%2C%20when%20they%20are%20sufficiently%20energetic%2C%20they%20entrain%20air%20and%20appear%20as%20white%20foam%20patches%20on%20the%20water%20surface%2C%20and%20are%20called%20whitecaps.%20This%20means%20that%20their%20occurrence%20and%20scale%20can%20be%20measured%20using%20relatively%20affordable%20optical%20cameras.%20In%20this%20paper%20we%20show%20that%20the%20patterns%20of%20foam%20evolution%20in%20laboratory%20breaking%20waves%20and%20oceanic%20whitecaps%20are%20remarkably%20similar%20giving%20us%20confidence%20that%20what%20we%20learn%20from%20laboratory%20experiments%20can%20be%20confidently%20applied%20to%20real%20oceanic%20whitecaps.%20Building%20on%20this%2C%20we%20show%20what%20parts%20of%20the%20whitecap%20foam%20area%20evolution%20can%20be%20used%20to%20learn%20more%20about%20ocean%20chemistry%20and%20breaking%20wave%20energetics.%20We%20hope%20that%20further%20development%20of%20the%20principles%20outlined%20in%20this%20paper%20can%20transform%20how%20oceanic%20whitecaps%20are%20observed%20in%20the%20ocean%20and%20ultimately%20lead%20to%20a%20better%20understanding%20of%20ocean%20waves%20and%20their%20evolution.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Foam%20area%20evolution%20from%20laboratory%20breaking%20waves%20and%20oceanic%20whitecaps%20is%20compared%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Self%5Cu2010similar%20behavior%20in%20foam%20area%20evolution%20is%20evident%20in%20laboratory%20and%20field%20data%20sets%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Energy%20dissipated%20by%20individual%20breaking%20waves%20can%20be%20estimated%20from%20foam%20area%20time%20history%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023JC020193%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020193%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-02-23T19%3A27%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XFI2G55Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22T%5Cu0119gowski%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ET%26%23x119%3Bgowski%2C%20J.%2C%20Glowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20Ciep%26%23x142%3By%2C%20M.%2C%20B%26%23x142%3Baszczyk%2C%20M.%2C%20Jania%2C%20J.%2C%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%2C%20Blondel%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282023%29.%20Monitoring%20glacier%20calving%20using%20underwater%20sound.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Cryosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E17%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%204447%26%23x2013%3B4461.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Ftc-17-4447-2023%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Ftc-17-4447-2023%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Monitoring%20glacier%20calving%20using%20underwater%20sound%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaros%5Cu0142aw%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu0119gowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oskar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Micha%5Cu0142%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciep%5Cu0142y%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ma%5Cu0142gorzata%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu0142aszczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jania%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mateusz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blondel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract.%20Climate%20shifts%20are%20particularly%20conspicuous%20in%20glaciated%20areas.%20Satellite%20and%20terrestrial%20observations%20show%20significant%20increases%20in%20the%20melting%20and%20breakup%20of%20tidewater%20glaciers%20and%20their%20influence%20on%20sea%20level%20rise%20and%20ocean%20mixing.%20Increasing%20melt%20rates%20are%20creating%20an%20urgency%20to%20better%20understand%20the%20link%20between%20atmospheric%20and%20oceanic%20conditions%20and%20glacier%20frontal%20ablation%20through%20iceberg%20calving%20and%20melting.%20Elucidating%20this%20link%20requires%20a%20combination%20of%20short-%20and%20long-timescale%20measurements%20of%20terminus%20activity.%20Recent%20work%20has%20demonstrated%20the%20potential%20of%20using%20underwater%20sound%20to%20quantify%20the%20time%20and%20scale%20of%20calving%20events%20to%20yield%20integrated%20estimates%20of%20ice%20mass%20loss%20%28Glowacki%20and%20Deane%2C%5Cu00a02020%29.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20estimates%20of%20subaerial%20calving%20flux%20using%20underwater%20sound%20recorded%20at%20Hansbreen%2C%20Svalbard%2C%20in%20September%5Cu00a02013%20combined%20with%20an%20algorithm%20for%20the%20automatic%20detection%20of%20calving%20events.%20The%20method%20is%20compared%20with%20ice%20calving%20volumes%20estimated%20from%20geodetic%20measurements%20of%20the%20movement%20of%20the%20glacier%20terminus%20and%20an%20analysis%20of%20satellite%20images.%20The%20total%20volume%20of%20above-water%20calving%20during%20the%2026%5Cu2009d%20of%20acoustical%20observation%20is%20estimated%20to%20be%201.7%5Cu00b10.7%5Cu00d7107%5Cu2009m3%2C%20whereas%20the%20subaerial%20calving%20flux%20estimated%20by%20traditional%20methods%20is%207%5Cu00b12%5Cu00d7106%5Cu2009m3.%20The%20results%20suggest%20that%20passive%20cryoacoustics%20is%20a%20viable%20technique%20for%20long-term%20monitoring%20of%20mass%20loss%20from%20marine-terminating%20glaciers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-10-20%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Ftc-17-4447-2023%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221994-0424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftc.copernicus.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F17%5C%2F4447%5C%2F2023%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-22T16%3A31%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224EYZ75L2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dubitsky%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-05-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDubitsky%2C%20L.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bird%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282023%29.%20Effects%20of%20Salinity%20Beyond%20Coalescence%20on%20Submicron%20Aerosol%20Distributions.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E128%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2022JD038222.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JD038222%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JD038222%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20Salinity%20Beyond%20Coalescence%20on%20Submicron%20Aerosol%20Distributions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubitsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bird%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-05-27%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022JD038222%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-897X%2C%202169-8996%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JD038222%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-17T21%3A08%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IY78PBZK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vishnu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EVishnu%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Glowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20Chitre%2C%20M.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20H.%2C%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stokes%2C%20D.%20%282023%29.%20Depth-dependence%20of%20the%20underwater%20noise%20emission%20from%20melting%20glacier%20ice.%20%3Ci%3EJASA%20Express%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20020801.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0017348%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0017348%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Depth-dependence%20of%20the%20underwater%20noise%20emission%20from%20melting%20glacier%20ice%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vishnu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oskar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mandar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chitre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hayden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mateusz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dale%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Submarine-melting%20of%20ice%20at%20the%20glacier-ocean%20interface%20accounts%20for%20a%20large%20portion%20of%20the%20ice-loss%20at%20tidewater%20glaciers%20and%20produces%20sound%20via%20bubble-release.%20The%20sound%20production%20is%20dominant%20in%20the%20sub-surface%20region%20near%20the%20glacier-ocean%20interface.%20This%20depth-dependence%20of%20the%20sound%20is%20studied%20by%20melting%20ice%20blocks%20in%20a%20glacial%20bay%20at%20various%20depths%20up%20to%2020%5Cu2009m%20and%20recording%20their%20acoustics%20over%20a%20large%20frequency%20range.%20The%20acoustic%20energy%20decreases%20with%20depth%20in%20line%20with%20expectations%20from%20the%20physics%20of%20the%20phenomenon%20and%20is%20fit%20to%20an%20exponentially%20decaying%20curve.%20The%20estimated%20variation%20will%20be%20useful%20for%20interpreting%20the%20sound%20in%20marine-terminating%20glaciers%20bays%20in%20terms%20of%20the%20submarine-melting%20activity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0017348%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222691-1191%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasa.scitation.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0017348%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A33%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223UNUIRQJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arikan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArikan%2C%20T.%2C%20Weiss%2C%20A.%2C%20Vishnu%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Singer%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wornell%2C%20G.%20W.%20%282023%29.%20An%20architecture%20for%20passive%20joint%20localization%20and%20structure%20learning%20in%20reverberant%20environments.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Journal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E153%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20665%26%23x2013%3B677.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0016999%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0016999%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20architecture%20for%20passive%20joint%20localization%20and%20structure%20learning%20in%20reverberant%20environments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toros%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arikan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vishnu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wornell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Passive%20localization%20and%20tracking%20of%20a%20mobile%20emitter%2C%20and%20joint%20learning%20of%20its%20reverberant%20three-dimensional%20%283D%29%20acoustic%20environment%2C%20where%20critical%20structural%20features%20are%20unknown%2C%20is%20a%20key%20open%20problem.%20Unaccounted-for%20occluders%20are%20potentially%20present%2C%20so%20that%20the%20emitter%20can%20lose%20line-of-sight%20to%20the%20receivers%2C%20and%20can%20only%20be%20observed%20through%20its%20reflected%20raypaths.%20The%20locations%20of%20reflective%20boundaries%20must%20therefore%20be%20jointly%20estimated%20with%20the%20emitter%27s%20position.%20A%20multistage%20global%20optimization%20and%20tracking%20architecture%20is%20developed%20to%20solve%20this%20problem%20with%20a%20relatively%20unconstrained%20model.%20Each%20stage%20of%20this%20architecture%20establishes%20domain%20knowledge%20such%20as%20synchronization%20and%20initial%20environment%20estimation%2C%20which%20are%20inputs%20for%20the%20following%20stages%20of%20more%20refined%20algorithms.%20This%20approach%20is%20generalizable%20to%20different%20physical%20scales%20and%20modalities%20and%20improves%20on%20methods%20that%20do%20not%20exploit%20the%20motion%20of%20the%20emitter.%20In%20one%20stage%20of%20this%20architecture%2C%20particle%20swarm%20optimization%20is%20used%20to%20simultaneously%20estimate%20the%20environment%20and%20the%20emitter%20location.%20In%20another%20stage%2C%20a%20Hough%20transform-inspired%20boundary%20localization%20algorithm%20is%20extended%20to%203D%20settings%2C%20to%20establish%20an%20initial%20estimate%20of%20the%20environment.%20The%20performance%20of%20this%20holistic%20approach%20is%20analyzed%20and%20its%20reliability%20is%20demonstrated%20in%20a%20reverberant%20watertank%20testbed%2C%20which%20models%20the%20shallow-water%20underwater%20acoustic%20setting.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0016999%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasa.scitation.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0016999%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A12%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22982GCEQS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nelli%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENelli%2C%20F.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%2C%20Ooi%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Manasseh%2C%20R.%20%282022%29.%20Analysis%20of%20sound%20pressure%20levels%20generated%20by%20nozzle-emitted%20large%20bubbles.%20%3Ci%3EJASA%20Express%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0010377%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0010377%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Analysis%20of%20sound%20pressure%20levels%20generated%20by%20nozzle-emitted%20large%20bubbles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ooi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manasseh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20sound%20radiated%20by%20newly%20formed%20bubbles%20can%20be%20used%20to%20determine%20their%20properties.%20However%2C%20details%20of%20the%20fluid%20dynamics%20driving%20the%20acoustic%20emission%20remain%20unclear.%20A%20neck-collapsing%20model%20has%20been%20proposed%20to%20explain%20the%20sound%20generation%20at%20bubble%20pinch-off.%20The%20model%20uses%20a%20forcing%20function%20which%20drives%20the%20Rayleigh-Plesset%20equation%20and%20is%20linked%20to%20the%20bubble%20acoustic%20pressure.%20Here%2C%20the%20model%20is%20tested%20on%20bubbles%20of%20diameter%20up%20to%207%20mm%20generated%20in%20distilled%20water%2C%20tap%20water%2C%20and%20alcohol-water%20solution.%20The%20model%20works%20well%20for%20bubbles%20less%20than%202.2%20mm%20radius%20but%20the%20error%20increases%20up%20to%2071%25%20for%20larger%20diameters.%26%20nbsp%3B%20%28C%29%26%20nbsp%3B2022%20Author%28%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0010377%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S9RLB5Y9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zeh%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZeh%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Ballard%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Glowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wilson%2C%20P.%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Model-data%20comparison%20of%20sound%20propagation%20in%20a%20glacierized%20fjord%20with%20a%20simulated%20brash%20ice%20surface.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E151%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%202367%26%23x2013%3B2377.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0010046%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0010046%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Model-data%20comparison%20of%20sound%20propagation%20in%20a%20glacierized%20fjord%20with%20a%20simulated%20brash%20ice%20surface%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zeh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Glacier%20ice%20loss%20impacts%20sound%20propagation%20within%20Arctic%20fjords.%20Regular%20calving%20events%20contribute%20to%20a%20collection%20of%20floating%20ice%20fragments%2C%20known%20as%20brash%20ice%2C%20at%20the%20ocean%20surface%20that%20obstruct%20the%20natural%20and%20anthropogenic%20acoustic%20signals%2C%20yet%20are%20difficult%20to%20characterize.%20Transmission%20loss%20measurements%20using%20a%20maximum%20length%20sequence%20%28m-sequence%29%20signal%20were%20conducted%20in%20September%202017%20near%20Hansbreen%20glacier%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Svalbard%20with%20dense%20brash%20ice%20present%20at%20the%20water%20surface.%20An%20acoustic%20model%20of%20the%20brash%20ice%20surface%20was%20inferred%20through%20consideration%20of%20the%20experimental%20geometry%2C%20arrival%20amplitude%2C%20and%20travel%20time%20difference%20between%20the%20direct%20and%20surface%20reflected%20arrivals%20from%20the%20source%20to%20two%20receivers.%20The%20inferred%20surface%20was%20then%20incorporated%20into%20a%20forward%20simulation%20of%20the%20environment%20using%20sound%20speed%20profiles%20measured%20during%20the%20experiment.%20BELLHOP%20%28%5BPorter%20and%20Bucker%20%281987%29.%20J.%20Acoust.%20Soc.%20Am.%2082%284%29%2C%201349-1359%5D%2C%29%2C%20a%20ray%20tracing%20code%20available%20in%20the%20Acoustics%20Toolbox%20%28HLS%20Inc.%2C%20San%20Diego%2C%20CA%29%2C%20was%20used%20to%20track%20the%20time%20difference%20of%20arrivals%20and%20amplitudes%20of%20the%20modeled%20direct%20and%20surface%20reflected%20rays.%20Comparisons%20between%20the%20measured%20and%20simulated%20results%20provide%20insight%20into%20the%20geometric%20shape%20and%20reflection%20characteristics%20of%20the%20brash%20ice%20surface%20within%20this%20and%20similar%20environments.%20%28C%29%202022%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0010046%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-02-28T23%3A45%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NIX2SYLI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crocker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrocker%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Cao%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20Santander%2C%20M.%20V.%2C%20Morris%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Mitts%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Dinasquet%2C%20J.%2C%20Amiri%2C%20S.%2C%20Malfatti%2C%20F.%2C%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thiemens%2C%20M.%20H.%20%282022%29.%20Biologically%20induced%20changes%20in%20the%20partitioning%20of%20submicron%20particulates%20between%20bulk%20seawater%20and%20the%20sea%20surface%20microlayer.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E49%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2011.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl094587%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl094587%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biologically%20induced%20changes%20in%20the%20partitioning%20of%20submicron%20particulates%20between%20bulk%20seawater%20and%20the%20sea%20surface%20microlayer%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crocker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mitts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dinasquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amiri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malfatti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thiemens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Studies%20over%20the%20last%20two%20decades%20have%20shown%20that%20submicron%20particulates%20%28SMPs%29%20can%20be%20transferred%20from%20the%20seawater%20into%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%2C%20potentially%20impacting%20SSA%20cloud%20seeding%20ability.%20This%20work%20reports%20the%20first%20concurrent%20bulk%20and%20sea%20surface%20microlayer%20%28SSML%29%20SMP%20%280.4-1.0%20mu%20m%29%20measurements%2C%20made%20during%20two%20mesocosm%20phytoplankton%20blooms%20in%20a%20region%20devoid%20of%20active%20wave%20breaking%20and%20bubble%20formation%2C%20providing%20insight%20into%20how%20biological%20and%20physicochemical%20processes%20influence%20seawater%20SMP%20distributions.%20Modal%20analyses%20of%20the%20SMP%20size%20distributions%20revealed%20contributions%20from%20multiple%2C%20biologically%20related%20particulate%20populations%20that%20were%20controlled%20by%20the%20microbial%20loop.%20With%20negligible%20bubble%20scavenging%20occurring%2C%20SSML%20enrichment%20of%20SMPs%20remained%20low%20throughout%20both%20experiments%2C%20suggesting%20scavenging%20is%20vital%20for%20SMP%20enrichment%20in%20the%20SSML.%20Our%20findings%20are%20discussed%20in%20the%20context%20of%20SMP%20transfer%20into%20SSA%20and%20its%20potential%20importance%20for%20SSA%20cloud%20seeding%20ability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021gl094587%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-14T15%3A44%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2299KM8II7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Steinke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESteinke%2C%20I.%2C%20DeMott%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Hill%2C%20T.%20C.%20J.%2C%20Maltrud%2C%20M.%2C%20Raman%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Burrows%2C%20S.%20M.%20%282022%29.%20A%20numerical%20framework%20for%20simulating%20the%20atmospheric%20variability%20of%20supermicron%20marine%20biogenic%20ice%20nucleating%20particles.%20%3Ci%3EAtmospheric%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E22%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20847%26%23x2013%3B859.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Facp-22-847-2022%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Facp-22-847-2022%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20numerical%20framework%20for%20simulating%20the%20atmospheric%20variability%20of%20supermicron%20marine%20biogenic%20ice%20nucleating%20particles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steinke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeMott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20C.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maltrud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burrows%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20present%20a%20framework%20for%20estimating%20concentrations%20of%20episodically%20elevated%20high-temperature%20marine%20ice%20nucleating%20particles%20%28INPs%29%20in%20the%20sea%20surface%20microlayer%20and%20their%20subsequent%20emission%20into%20the%20atmospheric%20boundary%20layer.%20These%20episodic%20INPs%20have%20been%20observed%20in%20multiple%20ship-based%20and%20coastal%20field%20campaigns%2C%20but%20the%20processes%20controlling%20their%20ocean%20concentrations%20and%20transfer%20to%20the%20atmosphere%20are%20not%20yet%20fully%20understood.%20We%20use%20a%20combination%20of%20empirical%20constraints%20and%20simulation%20outputs%20from%20an%20Earth%20system%20model%20to%20explore%20different%20hypotheses%20for%20explaining%20the%20variability%20of%20INP%20concentrations%2C%20and%20the%20occurrence%20of%20episodic%20INPs%2C%20in%20the%20marine%20atmosphere.%20In%20our%20calculations%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20following%20two%20proposed%20oceanic%20sources%20of%20high-temperature%20INPs%3A%20heterotrophic%20bacteria%20and%20marine%20biopolymer%20aggregates%20%28MBPAs%29.%20Furthermore%2C%20we%20assume%20that%20the%20emission%20of%20these%20INPs%20is%20determined%20by%20the%20production%20of%20supermicron%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20formed%20from%20jet%20drops%2C%20with%20an%20entrainment%20probability%20that%20is%20described%20by%20Poisson%20statistics.%20The%20concentration%20of%20jet%20drops%20is%20derived%20from%20the%20number%20concentration%20of%20supermicron%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20calculated%20from%20model%20runs.%20We%20then%20derive%20the%20resulting%20number%20concentrations%20of%20marine%20high-temperature%20INPs%20%28at%20253%20K%29%20in%20the%20atmospheric%20boundary%20layer%20and%20compare%20their%20variability%20to%20atmospheric%20observations%20of%20INP%20variability.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20compare%20against%20concentrations%20of%20episodically%20occurring%20high-temperature%20INPs%20observed%20during%20field%20campaigns%20in%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%2C%20the%20Equatorial%20Pacific%2C%20and%20the%20North%20Atlantic.%20In%20this%20case%20study%2C%20we%20evaluate%20our%20framework%20at%20253%20K%20because%20reliable%20observational%20data%20at%20this%20temperature%20are%20available%20across%20three%20different%20ocean%20regions%2C%20but%20suitable%20data%20are%20sparse%20at%20higher%20temperatures.%20We%20find%20that%20heterotrophic%20bacteria%20and%20MBPAs%20acting%20as%20INPs%20provide%20only%20a%20partial%20explanation%20for%20the%20observed%20high%20INP%20concentrations.%20We%20note%2C%20however%2C%20that%20there%20are%20still%20substantial%20knowledge%20gaps%2C%20particularly%20concerning%20the%20identity%20of%20the%20oceanic%20INPs%20contributing%20most%20frequently%20to%20episodic%20high-temperature%20INPs%2C%20their%20specific%20ice%20nucleation%20activity%2C%20and%20the%20enrichment%20of%20their%20concentrations%20during%20the%20sea-air%20transfer%20process.%20Therefore%2C%20targeted%20measurements%20investigating%20the%20composition%20of%20these%20marine%20INPs%20and%20drivers%20for%20their%20emissions%20are%20needed%2C%20ideally%20in%20combination%20with%20modeling%20studies%20focused%20on%20the%20potential%20cloud%20impacts%20of%20these%20high-temperature%20INPs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Facp-22-847-2022%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221680-7316%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PLJSVZDT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Weiss%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWeiss%2C%20A.%2C%20Arikan%2C%20T.%2C%20Vishnu%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Singer%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wornell%2C%20G.%20W.%20%282022%29.%20A%20Semi-Blind%20Method%20for%20Localization%20of%20Underwater%20Acoustic%20Sources.%20%3Ci%3EIEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Signal%20Processing%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E70%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%203090%26%23x2013%3B3106.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FTSP.2022.3173731%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FTSP.2022.3173731%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Semi-Blind%20Method%20for%20Localization%20of%20Underwater%20Acoustic%20Sources%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toros%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arikan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vishnu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wornell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FTSP.2022.3173731%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221053-587X%2C%201941-0476%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F9773981%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T18%3A14%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YBDX478Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gao%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGao%2C%20Q.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shen%2C%20L.%20%282021%29.%20Bubble%20production%20by%20air%20filament%20and%20cavity%20breakup%20in%20plunging%20breaking%20wave%20crests.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Fluid%20Mechanics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E929%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2018.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fjfm.2021.890%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fjfm.2021.890%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bubble%20production%20by%20air%20filament%20and%20cavity%20breakup%20in%20plunging%20breaking%20wave%20crests%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Air%20filaments%20and%20cavities%20in%20plunging%20breaking%20waves%2C%20generically%20cylinders%2C%20produce%20bubbles%20through%20an%20interface%20instability.%20The%20effects%20of%20gravity%2C%20surface%20tension%20and%20surface%20curvature%20on%20cylinder%20breakup%20are%20explored.%20A%20generalized%20dispersion%20relation%20is%20obtained%20that%20spans%20the%20Rayleigh-Taylor%20and%20Plateau-Rayleigh%20instabilities%20as%20cylinder%20radius%20varies.%20The%20analysis%20provides%20insight%20into%20the%20role%20of%20surface%20tension%20in%20the%20formation%20of%20bubbles%20from%20filaments%20and%20cavities.%20Small%20filaments%20break%20up%20into%20bubbles%20through%20a%20Plateau-Rayleigh%20instability%20driven%20through%20the%20action%20of%20surface%20tension.%20Large%20air%20cavities%20produce%20bubbles%20through%20a%20Rayleigh-Taylor%20instability%20driven%20by%20gravity%20and%20moderated%20by%20surface%20tension%2C%20which%20has%20a%20stabilizing%20effect.%20Surface%20tension%2C%20interface%20curvature%20and%20gravity%20are%20all%20important%20for%20cases%20between%20these%20two%20extremes.%20Predicted%20unstable%20mode%20wavenumber%20and%20bubble%20size%20show%20good%20agreement%20with%20direct%20numerical%20simulations%20of%20plunging%20breaking%20waves%20and%20air%20cylinders.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2Fjfm.2021.890%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-1120%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223CMNGAJV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mitts%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMitts%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Wang%2C%20X.%20F.%2C%20Lucero%2C%20D.%20D.%2C%20Beall%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20DeMott%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Importance%20of%20supermicron%20ice%20nucleating%20particles%20in%20nascent%20sea%20spray.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gl089633%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gl089633%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Importance%20of%20supermicron%20ice%20nucleating%20particles%20in%20nascent%20sea%20spray%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mitts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22X.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeMott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22With%20oceans%20covering%2071%25%20of%20the%20Earth%27s%20surface%2C%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%20particles%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20the%20global%20radiative%20budget%20by%20acting%20as%20cloud%20condensation%20nuclei%20and%20ice%20nucleating%20particles%20%28INPs%29.%20By%20acting%20as%20INPs%2C%20SSA%20particles%20affect%20the%20structure%20and%20properties%20of%20mixed-phase%20clouds%20by%20inducing%20freezing%20at%20warmer%20temperatures%20than%20the%20homogeneous%20freezing%20temperature.%20Climate%20models%20that%20incorporate%20marine%20INPs%20use%20the%20emission%20of%20submicron%20SSA%20in%20INP%20parameterizations%20because%20these%20particles%20contain%20a%20higher%20fraction%20of%20organic%20mass.%20Here%20we%20show%20supermicron%20SSA%20particles%2C%20produced%20using%20a%20natural%20breaking%20wave%20analogue%2C%20are%20the%20major%20source%20of%20INPs%20throughout%20the%20lifecycle%20of%20a%20phytoplankton%20bloom.%20Additionally%2C%20supermicron%20SSA%20particles%20are%20shown%20to%20be%20more%20efficient%20INPs%20than%20submicron%20SSA%20particles%2C%20because%20they%20carry%20a%20greater%20number%20of%20ice%20active%20components.%20Thus%2C%20supermicron%20SSA%20needs%20to%20be%20incorporated%20in%20INP%20parameterizations%20for%20future%20climate%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020gl089633%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T16%3A14%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EVC6KGZW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gao%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGao%2C%20Q.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Liu%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shen%2C%20L.%20%282021%29.%20A%20robust%20and%20accurate%20technique%20for%20Lagrangian%20tracking%20of%20bubbles%20and%20detecting%20fragmentation%20and%20coalescence.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Multiphase%20Flow%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E135%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103523%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103523%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20robust%20and%20accurate%20technique%20for%20Lagrangian%20tracking%20of%20bubbles%20and%20detecting%20fragmentation%20and%20coalescence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20technique%20for%20Lagrangian%20tracking%20of%20bubbles%20and%20detecting%20their%20time-evolution%20behaviors%20is%20presented.%20Five%20possible%20behaviors%20are%20considered%3A%20formation%2C%20extinction%2C%20continuity%2C%20binary%20fragmentation%2C%20and%20binary%20coalescence.%20The%20technique%20is%20based%20on%20establishing%20a%20network%20of%20mappings%20between%20bubbles%20identified%20at%20adjacent%20time%20instants.%20The%20mappings%20are%20determined%20by%20selecting%20the%20minimum%20from%20a%20set%20of%20pseudo-distance%20errors%2C%20which%20are%20themselves%20based%20on%20constraints%20imposed%20on%20bubble%20position%2C%20velocity%2C%20and%20volume%20between%20adjacent%20time%20instants.%20The%20technique%20is%20validated%20through%20numerical%20inspection%20of%20the%20pseudo-distance%20errors%20and%20visual%20verification%20of%20over%2016%2C000%20bubble%20events%20identified%20in%20a%20simulated%20breaking%20wave.%20The%20accuracies%20for%20continuity%2C%20binary%20fragmentation%2C%20and%20binary%20coalescence%20are%20estimated%20to%20be%2099.5%25%2C%2090%25%2C%20and%2095%25%2C%20respectively%2C%20when%20the%20analysis%20is%20limited%20to%20bubbles%20of%20sizes%20of%20at%20least%20two%20grid%20lengths.%20The%20effects%20of%20varying%20pseudo-distance%20error%20parameters%20and%20time%20resolution%20are%20also%20investigated.%20The%20technique%20robustly%20tracks%20bubbles%20and%20the%20occurrence%20of%20binary%20fragmentation%20and%20binary%20coalescence%20in%20a%20breaking%20wave%20when%20these%20processes%20occur%20away%20from%20the%20complex%20air-water%20interface%20structures%20and%20bubbles%20are%20of%20comparable%20scale.%20Detecting%20the%20fragmentation%20and%20coalescence%20of%20largescale%20and%20complex%20air-water%20interfaces%20remains%20an%20outstanding%20problem.%20%28C%29%202020%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103523%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220301-9322%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZZHD6KF7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vishnu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EVishnu%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Chitre%2C%20M.%2C%20Glowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%20%282020%29.%20Vertical%20directionality%20and%20spatial%20coherence%20of%20the%20sound%20field%20in%20glacial%20bays%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E148%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%203849%26%23x2013%3B3862.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0002868%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0002868%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Vertical%20directionality%20and%20spatial%20coherence%20of%20the%20sound%20field%20in%20glacial%20bays%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vishnu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chitre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Arctic%20glacial%20bays%20are%20among%20the%20loudest%20natural%20environments%20in%20the%20ocean%2C%20owing%20to%20heavy%20submarine%20melting%2C%20calving%2C%20freshwater%20discharge%2C%20and%20ice-wave%20interactions.%20Understanding%20the%20coherence%20and%20vertical%20directionality%20of%20the%20ambient%20sound%20there%20can%20provide%20insights%20about%20the%20mechanisms%20behind%20the%20ice%20loss%20in%20these%20regions.%20It%20can%20also%20provide%20key%20information%20for%20operating%20technologies%20such%20as%20sonar%2C%20communication%2C%20and%20navigation%20systems.%20To%20study%20the%20unexplored%20sound%20coherence%20and%20vertical%20directionality%20in%20glacial%20bays%2C%20a%20vertical%20hydrophone%20array%20was%20deployed%2C%20and%20acoustic%20measurements%20were%20made%20at%20four%20glacier%20termini%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Spitsbergen%2C%20in%20June%20and%20July%202019.%20The%20measurements%20show%20that%20the%20sound%20generated%20by%20melting%20glacier%20ice%20is%20more%20dominant%20in%20the%20upper%20portion%20of%20the%20water%20column%20near%20the%20glacier%20terminus.%20The%20melt%20water%20from%20the%20submarine%20melting%20and%20the%20freshwater%20discharge%20from%20the%20glacier%20create%20a%20glacially%20modified%20water%20duct%20near%20the%20sea%20surface.%20This%20disrupts%20the%20inter-sensor%20vertical%20coherence%20in%20the%20channel.%20However%2C%20some%20coherence%20across%20the%20duct%20is%20preserved%20for%20sound%20arising%20from%20spatially%20localized%20events%20at%20low%20frequencies.%20Overall%2C%20the%20observations%20in%20this%20study%20can%20help%20improve%20the%20understanding%20of%20the%20submarine%20melting%20phenomenon%20in%20glacial%20bays.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0002868%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-09T21%3A24%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SQNDGATI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crocker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrocker%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20Hernandez%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20Huang%2C%20H.%20D.%2C%20Pendergraft%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Cao%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20Dai%2C%20J.%20Y.%2C%20Morris%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thiemens%2C%20M.%20H.%20%282020%29.%20Biological%20Influence%20on%20delta%20C-13%20and%20Organic%20Composition%20of%20Nascent%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosol.%20%3Ci%3EAcs%20Earth%20and%20Space%20Chemistry%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%201686%26%23x2013%3B1699.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsearthspacechem.0c00072%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsearthspacechem.0c00072%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biological%20Influence%20on%20delta%20C-13%20and%20Organic%20Composition%20of%20Nascent%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosol%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crocker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hernandez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pendergraft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thiemens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Elucidating%20the%20influence%20of%20oceanic%20biological%20activity%20on%20the%20organic%20composition%20of%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%20is%20crucial%20to%20understanding%20marine%20cloud%20properties%20relevant%20to%20climate.%20Numerous%20marine%20field%20studies%20designed%20to%20address%20this%20topic%20have%20yielded%20conflicting%20results%20mainly%20as%20a%20result%20of%20the%20inability%20to%20distinguish%20primary%20SSA%20composition%20from%20terrestrial%20and%20marine%20secondary%20organic%20aerosols.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20two%20laboratory-induced%20phytoplankton%20blooms%20were%20conducted%20in%20an%20isolated%20system%20without%20background%20aerosol%20contributions.%20Values%20for%20delta%20C-13%20were%20measured%20for%20SSA%20%28delta%20C-13%28SSA%29%29%20along%20with%20seawater%20particulate%20and%20dissolved%20organic%20carbon%20%28delta%20C-13%28POC%29%20and%20delta%20C-13%28DOC%29%29%20to%20track%20changes%20in%20carbon%20transfer%20and%20composition%20between%20seawater%20and%20SSA.%20Contrary%20to%20common%20assumptions%2C%20delta%20C-13%28SSA%29%20values%20were%20not%20equivalent%20to%20delta%20C-13%28DOC%29.%20The%20consistently%20less%20negative%20delta%20C-13%28SSA%29%20values%20indicate%20that%20nascent%20delta%20C-13%28SSA%29%20reflects%20specific%20changes%20in%20relative%20contributions%20to%20SSA%20from%20the%20available%20seawater%20carbon%20pools%2C%20as%20a%20function%20of%20biological%20activity.%20A%20dual-source%20isotopic%20mixing%20model%20revealed%20that%20the%20difference%20between%20delta%20C-13%28SSA%29%20and%20delta%20C-13%28DOC%29%20was%20explained%20by%20increased%20relative%20contributions%20of%20%5C%22freshly%20produced%5C%22%20organic%20carbon%20%28OC%29%20to%20SSA%2C%20with%20the%20largest%20contribution%20of%20%5C%22freshly%20produced%5C%22%20OC%20occurring%202-3%20days%20after%20the%20maximum%20chlorophyll-a%20concentrations.%20This%20finding%20is%20consistent%20with%20previous%20mesocosm%20studies%2C%20showing%20that%20organic%20enrichment%20in%20SSA%20requires%20processing%20by%20heterotrophic%20bacteria%20after%20periods%20of%20high%20primary%20productivity.%20This%20work%20examining%20the%20biological%20influences%20on%20SSA%20organic%20composition%20and%20nascent%20delta%20C-13%28SSA%29%20values%20provides%20new%20insights%20into%20ocean-to-SSA%20carbon%20transfer%20dynamics%2C%20which%20can%20be%20used%20in%20future%20field%20studies%20to%20improve%20estimates%20of%20anthropogenic%20influences%20on%20the%20carbon%20composition%20of%20the%20marine%20environment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1021%5C%2Facsearthspacechem.0c00072%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222472-3452%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T16%3A13%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227UFRL8DP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glowacki%20and%20Deane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGlowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282020%29.%20Quantifying%20iceberg%20calving%20fluxes%20with%20underwater%20noise.%20%3Ci%3ECryosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%201025%26%23x2013%3B1042.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Ftc-14-1025-2020%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Ftc-14-1025-2020%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20iceberg%20calving%20fluxes%20with%20underwater%20noise%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Accurate%20estimates%20of%20calving%20fluxes%20are%20essential%20in%20understanding%20small-scale%20glacier%20dynamics%20and%20quantifying%20the%20contribution%20of%20marine-terminating%20glaciers%20to%20both%20eustatic%20sea-level%20rise%20%28SLR%29%20and%20the%20freshwater%20budget%20of%20polar%20regions.%20Here%20we%20investigate%20the%20application%20of%20acoustical%20oceanography%20to%20measure%20calving%20flux%20using%20the%20underwater%20sounds%20of%20iceberg-water%20impact.%20A%20combination%20of%20time-lapse%20photography%20and%20passive%20acoustics%20is%20used%20to%20determine%20the%20relationship%20between%20the%20mass%20and%20impact%20noise%20of%20169%20icebergs%20generated%20by%20subaerial%20calving%20events%20from%20Hansbreen%2C%20Svalbard.%20The%20analysis%20includes%20three%20major%20factors%20affecting%20the%20observed%20noise%3A%20%281%29%20time%20dependency%20of%20the%20thermohaline%20structure%2C%20%282%29%20variability%20in%20the%20ocean%20depth%20along%20the%20waveguide%20and%20%283%29%20reflection%20of%20impact%20noise%20from%20the%20glacier%20terminus.%20A%20correlation%20of%200.76%20is%20found%20between%20the%20%28log-transformed%29%20kinetic%20energy%20of%20the%20falling%20iceberg%20and%20the%20corresponding%20measured%20acoustic%20energy%20corrected%20for%20these%20three%20factors.%20An%20error-in-variables%20linear%20regression%20is%20applied%20to%20estimate%20the%20coefficients%20of%20this%20relationship.%20Energy%20conversion%20coefficients%20for%20non-transformed%20variables%20are%208%20x%2010%28-7%29%20and%200.92%2C%20respectively%2C%20for%20the%20multiplication%20factor%20and%20exponent%20of%20the%20power%20law.%20This%20simple%20model%20can%20be%20used%20to%20measure%20solid%20ice%20discharge%20from%20Hansbreen.%20Uncertainty%20in%20the%20estimate%20is%20a%20function%20of%20the%20number%20of%20calving%20events%20observed%3B%2050%25%20uncertainty%20is%20expected%20for%20eight%20blocks%20dropping%20to%2020%25%20and%2010%20%25%2C%20respectively%2C%20for%2040%20and%20135%20calving%20events.%20It%20may%20be%20possible%20to%20lower%20these%20errors%20if%20the%20influence%20of%20different%20calving%20styles%20on%20the%20received%20noise%20spectra%20can%20be%20determined.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Ftc-14-1025-2020%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221994-0416%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NXQ964XG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glowacki%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGlowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%20%282018%29.%20The%20intensity%2C%20directionality%2C%20and%20statistics%20of%20underwater%20noise%20from%20melting%20icebergs.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E45%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%204105%26%23x2013%3B4113.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018gl077632%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018gl077632%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20intensity%2C%20directionality%2C%20and%20statistics%20of%20underwater%20noise%20from%20melting%20icebergs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Freshwater%20fluxes%20from%20melting%20icebergs%20and%20glaciers%20are%20important%20contributors%20to%20both%20sea%20level%20rise%20and%20anomalies%20of%20seawater%20salinity%20in%20polar%20regions.%20However%2C%20the%20hazards%20encountered%20close%20to%20icebergs%20and%20glaciers%20make%20it%20difficult%20to%20quantify%20their%20melt%20rates%20directly%2C%20motivating%20the%20development%20of%20cryoacoustics%20as%20a%20remote%20sensing%20technique.%20Recent%20studies%20have%20shown%20a%20qualitative%20link%20between%20ice%20melting%20and%20the%20accompanying%20underwater%20noise%2C%20but%20the%20properties%20of%20this%20signal%20remain%20poorly%20understood.%20Here%20we%20examine%20the%20intensity%2C%20directionality%2C%20and%20temporal%20statistics%20of%20the%20underwater%20noise%20radiated%20by%20melting%20icebergs%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Svalbard%2C%20using%20a%20three-element%20acoustic%20array.%20We%20present%20the%20first%20estimate%20of%20noise%20energy%20per%20unit%20area%20associated%20with%20iceberg%20melt%20and%20demonstrate%20its%20qualitative%20dependence%20on%20exposure%20to%20surface%20current.%20Finally%2C%20we%20show%20that%20the%20analysis%20of%20noise%20directionality%20and%20statistics%20makes%20it%20possible%20to%20distinguish%20iceberg%20melt%20from%20the%20glacier%20terminus%20melt.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018gl077632%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HVTWMNX4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Callaghan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECallaghan%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282017%29.%20On%20the%20imprint%20of%20surfactant-driven%20stabilization%20of%20laboratory%20breaking%20wave%20foam%20with%20comparison%20to%20oceanic%20whitecaps.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E122%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%206110%26%23x2013%3B6128.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2017jc012809%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2017jc012809%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20imprint%20of%20surfactant-driven%20stabilization%20of%20laboratory%20breaking%20wave%20foam%20with%20comparison%20to%20oceanic%20whitecaps%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callaghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Surfactants%20are%20ubiquitous%20in%20the%20global%20oceans%3A%20they%20help%20form%20the%20materially-distinct%20sea%20surface%20microlayer%20%28SML%29%20across%20which%20global%20ocean-atmosphere%20exchanges%20take%20place%2C%20and%20they%20reside%20on%20the%20surfaces%20of%20bubbles%20and%20whitecap%20foam%20cells%20prolonging%20their%20lifetime%20thus%20altering%20ocean%20albedo.%20Despite%20their%20importance%2C%20the%20occurrence%2C%20spatial%20distribution%2C%20and%20composition%20of%20surfactants%20within%20the%20upper%20ocean%20and%20the%20SML%20remains%20under-characterized%20during%20conditions%20of%20vigorous%20wave%20breaking%20when%20in-situ%20sampling%20methods%20are%20difficult%20to%20implement.%20Additionally%2C%20no%20quantitative%20framework%20exists%20to%20evaluate%20the%20importance%20of%20surfactant%20activity%20on%20ocean%20whitecap%20foam%20coverage%20estimates.%20Here%20we%20use%20individual%20laboratory%20breaking%20waves%20generated%20in%20filtered%20seawater%20and%20seawater%20with%20added%20soluble%20surfactant%20to%20identify%20the%20imprint%20of%20surfactant%20activity%20in%20whitecap%20foam%20evolution.%20The%20data%20show%20a%20distinct%20surfactant%20imprint%20in%20the%20decay%20phase%20of%20foam%20evolution.%20The%20area-time-integral%20of%20foam%20evolution%20is%20used%20to%20develop%20a%20time-varying%20stabilization%20function%2C%20phi%28t%29%20and%20a%20stabilization%20factor%2C%20circle%20dot%2C%20which%20can%20be%20used%20to%20identify%20and%20quantify%20the%20extent%20of%20this%20surfactant%20imprint%20for%20individual%20breaking%20waves.%20The%20approach%20is%20then%20applied%20to%20wind-driven%20oceanic%20whitecaps%2C%20and%20the%20laboratory%20and%20ocean%20H%20distributions%20overlap.%20It%20is%20proposed%20that%20whitecap%20foam%20evolution%20may%20be%20used%20to%20determine%20the%20occurrence%20and%20extent%20of%20oceanic%20surfactant%20activity%20to%20complement%20traditional%20in-situ%20techniques%20and%20extend%20measurement%20capabilities%20to%20more%20severe%20sea%20states%20occurring%20at%20wind%20speeds%20in%20excess%20of%20about%2010m%5C%2Fs.%20The%20analysis%20procedure%20also%20provides%20a%20framework%20to%20assess%20surfactant-driven%20variability%20within%20and%20between%20whitecap%20coverage%20data%20sets.%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%20The%20foam%20patches%20made%20by%20breaking%20waves%2C%20also%20known%20as%20%5C%22whitecaps%27%27%2C%20are%20an%20important%20source%20of%20marine%20sea%20spray%2C%20which%20impacts%20weather%20and%20climate%20through%20the%20formation%20of%20cloud%20drops%20and%20ice.%20Sea%20spray%20chemistry%20depends%20on%20the%20chemistry%20of%20the%20whitecap%20that%20makes%20it.%20This%20chemistry%20is%20poorly%20understood%2C%20especially%20during%20storms%20when%20whitecaps%20are%20most%20prevalent%20but%20chemistry%20measurements%20are%20also%20the%20most%20difficult.%20In%20this%20article%2C%20we%20show%20that%20foam%20chemistry%20affects%20the%20persistence%20of%20laboratory%20whitecaps%3A%20the%20more%20surfactant%20a%20whitecap%20contains%2C%20the%20longer%20it%20persists.%20This%20effect%20has%20enabled%20us%20to%20develop%20a%20remote%20sensing%20tool%20to%20detect%20the%20presence%20of%20chemistry%20in%20whitecaps%20by%20analyzing%20a%20time-series%20of%20photographs%20of%20the%20foam.%20We%20have%20applied%20the%20technique%20to%20an%20existing%20set%20of%20whitecap%20images%2C%20and%20get%20reasonable%20values%20for%20implied%20surfactant%20concentrations%20in%20the%20ocean%20but%20validation%20of%20the%20technique%20in%20the%20field%20will%20have%20to%20await%20simultaneous%20measurement%20of%20whitecaps%20and%20sea%20surface%20chemistry.%20If%20validated%2C%20the%20new%20remote%20sensing%20tool%20will%20provide%20the%20first%20large-scale%20observations%20of%20ocean%20surface%20chemistry%20and%20its%20variation%20in%20space%20and%20time%20on%20wind-driven%20seas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2017jc012809%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-14T19%3A30%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XFLDGKID%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWang%2C%20X.%20F.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Moore%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Ryder%2C%20O.%20S.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Beall%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Collins%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Santander%2C%20M.%20V.%2C%20Burrows%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Sultana%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%20%282017%29.%20The%20role%20of%20jet%20and%20film%20drops%20in%20controlling%20the%20mixing%20state%20of%20submicron%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20particles.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E114%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2827%29%2C%206978%26%23x2013%3B6983.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1702420114%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1702420114%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20jet%20and%20film%20drops%20in%20controlling%20the%20mixing%20state%20of%20submicron%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20particles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22X.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burrows%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sultana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20oceans%20represent%20a%20significant%20global%20source%20of%20atmospheric%20aerosols.%20Sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%20particles%20comprise%20sea%20salts%20and%20organic%20species%20in%20varying%20proportions.%20In%20addition%20to%20size%2C%20the%20overall%20composition%20of%20SSA%20particles%20determines%20how%20effectively%20they%20can%20form%20cloud%20droplets%20and%20ice%20crystals.%20Thus%2C%20understanding%20the%20factors%20controlling%20SSA%20composition%20is%20critical%20to%20predicting%20aerosol%20impacts%20on%20clouds%20and%20climate.%20It%20is%20often%20assumed%20that%20submicrometer%20SSAs%20are%20mainly%20formed%20by%20film%20drops%20produced%20from%20bursting%20bubble-cap%20films%2C%20which%20become%20enriched%20with%20hydrophobic%20organic%20species%20contained%20within%20the%20sea%20surface%20microlayer.%20In%20contrast%2C%20jet%20drops%20formed%20from%20the%20base%20of%20bursting%20bubbles%20are%20postulated%20to%20mainly%20produce%20larger%20supermicrometer%20particles%20from%20bulk%20seawater%2C%20which%20comprises%20largely%20salts%20and%20water-soluble%20organic%20species.%20However%2C%20here%20we%20demonstrate%20that%20jet%20drops%20produce%20up%20to%2043%25%20of%20total%20submicrometer%20SSA%20number%20concentrations%2C%20and%20that%20the%20fraction%20of%20SSA%20produced%20by%20jet%20drops%20can%20be%20modulated%20by%20marine%20biological%20activity.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20chemical%20composition%2C%20organic%20volume%20fraction%2C%20and%20ice%20nucleating%20ability%20of%20submicrometer%20particles%20from%20jet%20drops%20differ%20from%20those%20formed%20from%20film%20drops.%20Thus%2C%20the%20chemical%20composition%20of%20a%20substantial%20fraction%20of%20submicrometer%20particles%20will%20not%20be%20controlled%20by%20the%20composition%20of%20the%20sea%20surface%20microlayer%2C%20a%20major%20assumption%20in%20previous%20studies.%20This%20finding%20has%20significant%20ramifications%20for%20understanding%20the%20factors%20controlling%20the%20mixing%20state%20of%20submicrometer%20SSA%20particles%20and%20must%20be%20taken%20into%20consideration%20when%20predicting%20SSA%20impacts%20on%20clouds%20and%20climate.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1702420114%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-20T15%3A57%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229Y9JYH5H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hines%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHines%2C%20P.%20C.%2C%20Murphy%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Abraham%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282017%29.%20The%20dependence%20of%20signal%20coherence%20on%20sea-surface%20roughness%20for%20high%20and%20low%20duty%20cycle%20sonars%20in%20a%20shallow-water%20channel.%20%3Ci%3EIeee%20Journal%20of%20Oceanic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20298%26%23x2013%3B318.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2016.2609019%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2016.2609019%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20dependence%20of%20signal%20coherence%20on%20sea-surface%20roughness%20for%20high%20and%20low%20duty%20cycle%20sonars%20in%20a%20shallow-water%20channel%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hines%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murphy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abraham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22It%20is%20anticipated%20that%20high%20duty%20cycle%20%28HDC%29%20sonars%20will%20typically%20maintain%20the%20same%20bandwidth%20as%20the%20pulsed%20active%20sonars%20%28PASs%29%20that%20they%20might%20replace.%20This%20will%20significantly%20increase%20their%20time-bandwidth%20product%2C%20but%20may%20not%20produce%20the%20increased%20gain%20anticipated%2C%20if%20there%20are%20coherence%20limitations%20of%20the%20acoustic%20channel.%20To%20compare%20performance%20of%20HDC%20with%20conventional%20PAS%20in%20the%20littorals%2C%20a%20set%20of%20experiments%20was%20conducted%20as%20part%20of%20the%20Target%20and%20Reverberation%20Experiment%20in%20spring%202013%20%28TREX13%29.%20This%20paper%20presents%20the%20results%20of%20an%20examination%20of%20short-range%20single%20surface-reflection%20echoes%2C%20and%20longer%20range%20target%20echoes%20from%20an%20air%20hose.%20The%20Pearson%20product-moment%20correlation%20coefficient%20%28Pearson%27s%20R%29%20was%20used%20to%20confirm%20significance%20of%20the%20results.%20Measurements%20showed%20that%20for%20an%2018-s%20HDC%20pulse%2C%20the%20mean%20%28coherent%29%20component%20of%20the%20specular%20arrival%20decreased%20by%20as%20much%20as%205%20dB%20as%20root%20mean%20square%20%28rms%29%20surface%20roughness%20increased%2C%20whereas%20the%200.5-s%20PAS%20pulse%20echoes%20showed%20no%20correlation%20with%20roughness.%20The%20standard%20deviations%20of%20the%20mean%20levels%20were%20used%20to%20examine%20the%20incoherent%20%28scattered%29%20component%20of%20the%20specular%20arrivals.%20The%20incoherent%20component%20of%20the%20specular%20arrival%20increased%20with%20the%20product%20of%20the%20surface%20correlation%20length%20and%20the%20square%20of%20the%20rms%20roughness%2C%20for%20both%20HDC%20and%20PAS%2C%20with%20the%20PAS%20data%20having%20a%201-dB%20higher%20standard%20deviation.%20A%20normal%20mode%20propagation%20model%20and%20a%20rough%20surface%20scattering%20model%20used%20in%20conjunction%20with%20a%20simple%20model%20that%20accounts%20for%20coherence%20loss%20from%20the%20matched%20filter%20were%20successfully%20used%20to%20interpret%20the%20results.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2016.2609019%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364-9059%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KTXJCQB6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glowacki%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGlowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282016%29.%20The%20impact%20of%20glacier%20meltwater%20on%20the%20underwater%20noise%20field%20in%20a%20glacial%20bay.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%208455%26%23x2013%3B8470.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc012355%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc012355%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20glacier%20meltwater%20on%20the%20underwater%20noise%20field%20in%20a%20glacial%20bay%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ambient%20noise%20oceanography%20is%20proving%20to%20be%20an%20efficient%20and%20effective%20tool%20for%20the%20study%20of%20ice-ocean%20interactions%20in%20the%20bays%20of%20marine-terminating%20glaciers.%20However%2C%20obtaining%20quantitative%20estimates%20of%20ice%20melting%20or%20calving%20processes%20from%20ambient%20noise%20requires%20an%20understanding%20of%20how%20sound%20propagation%20through%20the%20bay%20attenuates%20and%20filters%20the%20noise%20spectrum.%20Measurements%20of%20the%20vertical%20structure%20in%20sound%20speed%20in%20the%20vicinity%20of%20the%20Hans%20Glacier%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Spitsbergen%2C%20made%20with%20O%28130%29%20CTD%20casts%20between%20May%20and%20November%202015%2C%20reveal%20high-gradient%2C%20upward-refracting%20sound%20speed%20profiles%20created%20by%20cold%2C%20fresh%20meltwater%20during%20summer%20months.%20Simultaneous%20recordings%20of%20underwater%20ambient%20noise%20made%20at%20depths%20of%201%2C%2010%2C%20and%2020%20m%20in%20combination%20with%20propagation%20model%20calculations%20using%20the%20model%20Bellhop%20illustrate%20the%20dominant%20role%20these%20surface%20ducts%20play%20in%20shaping%20the%20underwater%20soundscape.%20The%20surface%20ducts%20lead%20to%20a%20higher%20intensity%20and%20greater%20variability%20of%20acoustic%20energy%20in%20the%20near-surface%20layer%20covered%20by%20glacially%20modified%20waters%20relative%20to%20deeper%20waters%2C%20indicating%20deeper%20zones%20as%20most%20appropriate%20for%20interseasonal%20acoustic%20monitoring%20of%20the%20glacial%20melt.%20Surface%20waveguides%20in%20Hornsund%20are%20relatively%20shallow%20and%20trap%20sound%20above%20O%281%20kHz%29.%20Deeper%20waveguides%20observed%20elsewhere%20will%20also%20trap%20low-frequency%20sounds%2C%20such%20as%20those%20generated%20by%20calving%20events%20for%20example.%20Finally%2C%20the%20ambient%20noise%20field%20in%20Hornsund%20is%20shown%20to%20be%20strongly%20dependent%20on%20the%20distribution%20of%20ice%20throughout%20the%20bay%2C%20stressing%20the%20importance%20of%20performing%20complementary%20environmental%20measurements%20when%20interpreting%20the%20results%20of%20acoustic%20surveys.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016jc012355%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LSECRC4F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Callaghan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECallaghan%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282016%29.%20Laboratory%20air-entraining%20breaking%20waves%3A%20Imaging%20visible%20foam%20signatures%20to%20estimate%20energy%20dissipation.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2821%29%2C%2011320%26%23x2013%3B11328.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016gl071226%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016gl071226%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Laboratory%20air-entraining%20breaking%20waves%3A%20Imaging%20visible%20foam%20signatures%20to%20estimate%20energy%20dissipation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callaghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Oceanic%20air-entraining%20breaking%20waves%20fundamentally%20influence%20weather%20and%20climate%20through%20bubble-mediated%20ocean-atmosphere%20exchanges%2C%20and%20influence%20marine%20engineering%20design%20by%20impacting%20statistics%20of%20wave%20heights%2C%20crest%20heights%2C%20and%20wave%20loading.%20However%2C%20estimating%20individual%20breaking%20wave%20energy%20dissipation%20in%20the%20field%20remains%20a%20fundamental%20problem.%20Using%20laboratory%20experiments%2C%20we%20introduce%20a%20new%20method%20to%20estimate%20energy%20dissipation%20by%20individual%20breaking%20waves%20using%20above-water%20images%20of%20evolving%20foam.%20The%20data%20show%20the%20volume%20of%20the%20breaking%20wave%20two-phase%20flow%20integrated%20in%20time%20during%20active%20breaking%20scales%20linearly%20with%20wave%20energy%20dissipated.%20To%20determine%20the%20volume%20time-integral%2C%20above-water%20images%20of%20surface%20foam%20provide%20the%20breaking%20wave%20timescale%20and%20horizontal%20extent%20of%20the%20submerged%20bubble%20plume%2C%20and%20the%20foam%20decay%20time%20provides%20an%20estimate%20of%20the%20bubble%20plume%20penetration%20depth.%20We%20anticipate%20that%20this%20novel%20remote%20sensing%20method%20will%20improve%20predictions%20of%20air-sea%20exchanges%2C%20validate%20models%20of%20wave%20energy%20dissipation%2C%20and%20inform%20ocean%20engineering%20design.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016gl071226%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A54%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LCUQDSYK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282016%29.%20The%20performance%20of%20high-frequency%20Doppler%20sonars%20in%20actively%20breaking%20wave%20crests.%20%3Ci%3EIeee%20Journal%20of%20Oceanic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E41%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201028%26%23x2013%3B1034.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2016.2521247%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2016.2521247%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20performance%20of%20high-frequency%20Doppler%20sonars%20in%20actively%20breaking%20wave%20crests%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Breaking%20ocean%20waves%20influence%20wave%20dynamics%2C%20momentum%20transfer%2C%20air-sea%20exchange%2C%20ocean%20albedo%2C%20and%20ambient%20noise%20generation%2C%20all%20of%20which%20are%20impacted%20by%20the%20transient%2C%20two-phase%20flow%20in%20a%20whitecap.%20Lasting%20O%281s%29%20or%20so%2C%20actively%20breaking%20whitecaps%20contain%20air%20fractions%20up%20to%200.6%2C%20bubbles%20ranging%20in%20size%20O%2810-1000%29%20mu%20m%20and%20turbulent%20dissipation%20rates%20O%281%29%20W.kg%28-1%29.%20Strong%20fluid%20turbulence%2C%20high%20air%20fractions%2C%20large%20bubbles%2C%20and%20short%20duration%20make%20active%20whitecaps%20a%20challenging%20process%20to%20study.%20This%20paper%20presents%20a%20model%20for%20the%20performance%20of%20high-frequency%20Doppler%20sonar%20%280.5-2%20MHz%29%20when%20used%20to%20probe%20the%20interior%20of%20actively%20breaking%20whitecaps.%20The%20results%20suggest%20that%20the%20ability%20of%20high-frequency%20sonars%20to%20penetrate%20the%20interior%20of%20bubble%20plumes%20in%20whitecaps%20becomes%20limited%20for%20air%20fractions%20greater%20than%200.03-0.06%20and%20plumes%20become%20completely%20impenetrable%20for%20air%20fractions%20greater%20than%200.08-0.17.%20This%20severely%20limits%20their%20usefulness%20as%20a%20tool%20to%20probe%20the%20interior%20of%20breaking%20waves.%20Moreover%2C%20the%20bias%20introduced%20by%20the%20terminal%20rise%20velocity%20of%20large%20bubbles%20interacting%20with%20fluid%20turbulence%20within%20the%20wave%20crest%20will%20need%20to%20be%20accounted%20for%20when%20interpreting%20any%20backscatter%20signals%20that%20are%20returned%20from%20the%20plume%20interior.%20At%20this%20time%2C%20in%20situ%20methods%20such%20as%20optical%20fiber%20probes%2C%20conductivity%20cells%2C%20and%20cameras%20remain%20the%20best%20option%20for%20field%20studies%20of%20the%20interior%20of%20breaking%20oceanic%20waves.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2016.2521247%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364-9059%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PC2GBRTV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stokes%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%2C%20Collins%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Cappa%2C%20C.%2C%20Bertram%2C%20T.%2C%20Dommer%2C%20A.%2C%20Schill%2C%20S.%2C%20Forestieri%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Survilo%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20A%20miniature%20Marine%20Aerosol%20Reference%20Tank%20%28miniMART%29%20as%20a%20compact%20breaking%20wave%20analogue.%20%3Ci%3EAtmospheric%20Measurement%20Techniques%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%204257%26%23x2013%3B4267.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Famt-9-4257-2016%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Famt-9-4257-2016%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20miniature%20Marine%20Aerosol%20Reference%20Tank%20%28miniMART%29%20as%20a%20compact%20breaking%20wave%20analogue%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cappa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dommer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forestieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Survilo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20order%20to%20understand%20the%20processes%20governing%20the%20production%20of%20marine%20aerosols%2C%20repeatable%2C%20controlled%20methods%20for%20their%20generation%20are%20required.%20A%20new%20system%2C%20the%20miniature%20Marine%20Aerosol%20Reference%20Tank%20%28miniMART%29%2C%20has%20been%20designed%20after%20the%20success%20of%20the%20original%20MART%20system%2C%20to%20approximate%20a%20small%20oceanic%20spilling%20breaker%20by%20producing%20an%20evolving%20bubble%20plume%20and%20surface%20foam%20patch.%20The%20smaller%20tank%20utilizes%20an%20intermittently%20plunging%20jet%20of%20water%20produced%20by%20a%20rotating%20water%20wheel%2C%20into%20an%20approximately%206%20L%20reservoir%20to%20simulate%20bubble%20plume%20and%20foam%20formation%20and%20generate%20aerosols.%20This%20system%20produces%20bubble%20plumes%20characteristic%20of%20small%20whitecaps%20without%20the%20large%20external%20pump%20inherent%20in%20the%20original%20MART%20design.%20Without%20the%20pump%20it%20is%20possible%20to%20easily%20culture%20delicate%20planktonic%20and%20microbial%20communities%20in%20the%20bulk%20water%20during%20experiments%20while%20continuously%20producing%20aerosols%20for%20study.%20However%2C%20due%20to%20the%20reduced%20volume%20and%20smaller%20plunging%20jet%2C%20the%20absolute%20numbers%20of%20particles%20generated%20are%20approximately%20an%20order%20of%20magnitude%20less%20than%20in%20the%20original%20MART%20design.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Famt-9-4257-2016%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221867-1381%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T22%3A55%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AHNDHDCF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Walstead%20and%20Deane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWalstead%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282016%29.%20Determination%20of%20ocean%20surface%20wave%20shape%20from%20forward%20scattered%20sound.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E140%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20787%26%23x2013%3B797.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4960478%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4960478%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Determination%20of%20ocean%20surface%20wave%20shape%20from%20forward%20scattered%20sound%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walstead%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Forward%20scattered%20sound%20from%20the%20ocean%20surface%20is%20inverted%20for%20wave%20shape%20during%20three%20periods%3A%20low%20wind%2C%20mix%20of%20wind%20and%20swell%2C%20and%20stormy.%20Derived%20wave%20profiles%20are%20spatially%20limited%20to%20a%20Fresnel%20region%20at%20or%20near%20the%20nominal%20surface%20specular%20reflection%20point.%20In%20some%20cases%2C%20the%20surface%20wave%20profiles%20exhibit%20unrealistic%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20properties.%20To%20remedy%20this%2C%20the%20spatial%20gradient%20of%20inverted%20waves%20is%20constrained%20to%20a%20maximum%20slope%20of%200.88.%20Under%20this%20global%20constraint%2C%20only%20surface%20waves%20during%20low%20wind%20conditions%20result%20in%20a%20modeled%20surface%20multipath%20that%20accurately%20matches%20data.%20The%20power%20spectral%20density%20of%20the%20inverted%20surface%20wave%20field%20saturates%20around%20a%20frequency%20of%208%20Hz%20while%20upward%20looking%20SONAR%20saturates%20at%201%20Hz.%20Each%20shows%20a%20high%20frequency%20spectral%20slope%20of%20-4%20that%20is%20in%20agreement%20with%20various%20empirical%20ocean%20wave%20spectra.%20The%20improved%20high%20frequency%20resolution%20provided%20by%20the%20scattering%20inversion%20indicates%20that%20it%20is%20possible%20to%20remotely%20gain%20information%20about%20high%20frequency%20components%20of%20ocean%20waves.%20The%20inability%20of%20the%20inversion%20algorithm%20to%20determine%20physically%20realistic%20surface%20waves%20in%20periods%20of%20high%20wind%20indicates%20that%20bubbles%20and%20out%20of%20plane%20scattering%20become%20important%20in%20those%20operating%20scenarios.%20%28C%29%202016%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.4960478%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2244P6I7GA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DeMott%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDeMott%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Hill%2C%20T.%20C.%20J.%2C%20McCluskey%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Collins%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Sullivan%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20Ruppel%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Mason%2C%20R.%20H.%2C%20Irish%2C%20V.%20E.%2C%20Lee%2C%20T.%2C%20Hwang%2C%20C.%20Y.%2C%20Rhee%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20Snider%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20McMeeking%2C%20G.%20R.%2C%20Dhaniyala%2C%20S.%2C%20Lewis%2C%20E.%20R.%2C%20Wentzell%2C%20J.%20J.%20B.%2C%20Abbatt%2C%20J.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Franc%2C%20G.%20D.%20%282016%29.%20Sea%20spray%20aerosol%20as%20a%20unique%20source%20of%20ice%20nucleating%20particles.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E113%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2821%29%2C%205797%26%23x2013%3B5803.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1514034112%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1514034112%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sea%20spray%20aerosol%20as%20a%20unique%20source%20of%20ice%20nucleating%20particles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeMott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20C.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCluskey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruppel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Irish%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hwang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rhee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Snider%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McMeeking%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dhaniyala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wentzell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abbatt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sultana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Axson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martinez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santos-Figueroa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayol-Bracero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grassian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moffett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franc%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ice%20nucleating%20particles%20%28INPs%29%20are%20vital%20for%20ice%20initiation%20in%2C%20and%20precipitation%20from%2C%20mixed-phase%20clouds.%20A%20source%20of%20INPs%20from%20oceans%20within%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%20emissions%20has%20been%20suggested%20in%20previous%20studies%20but%20remained%20unconfirmed.%20Here%2C%20we%20show%20that%20INPs%20are%20emitted%20using%20real%20wave%20breaking%20in%20a%20laboratory%20flume%20to%20produce%20SSA.%20The%20number%20concentrations%20of%20INPs%20from%20laboratory-generated%20SSA%2C%20when%20normalized%20to%20typical%20total%20aerosol%20number%20concentrations%20in%20the%20marine%20boundary%20layer%2C%20agree%20well%20with%20measurements%20from%20diverse%20regions%20over%20the%20oceans.%20Data%20in%20the%20present%20study%20are%20also%20in%20accord%20with%20previously%20published%20INP%20measurements%20made%20over%20remote%20ocean%20regions.%20INP%20number%20concentrations%20active%20within%20liquid%20water%20droplets%20increase%20exponentially%20in%20number%20with%20a%20decrease%20in%20temperature%20below%200%20degrees%20C%2C%20averaging%20an%20order%20of%20magnitude%20increase%20per%205%20degrees%20C%20interval.%20The%20plausibility%20of%20a%20strong%20increase%20in%20SSA%20INP%20emissions%20in%20association%20with%20phytoplankton%20blooms%20is%20also%20shown%20in%20laboratory%20simulations.%20Nevertheless%2C%20INP%20number%20concentrations%2C%20or%20active%20site%20densities%20approximated%20using%20%5C%22dry%5C%22%20geometric%20SSA%20surface%20areas%2C%20are%20a%20few%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20lower%20than%20corresponding%20concentrations%20or%20site%20densities%20in%20the%20surface%20boundary%20layer%20over%20continental%20regions.%20These%20findings%20have%20important%20implications%20for%20cloud%20radiative%20forcing%20and%20precipitation%20within%20low-level%20and%20midlevel%20marine%20clouds%20unaffected%20by%20continental%20INP%20sources%2C%20such%20as%20may%20occur%20over%20the%20Southern%20Ocean.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1514034112%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%2C%22U6IKZG3S%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A43%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L75ENY5D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Walstead%20and%20Deane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWalstead%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282016%29.%20Intensity%20statistics%20of%20very%20high%20frequency%20sound%20scattered%20from%20wind-driven%20waves.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E139%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%202784%26%23x2013%3B2796.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4948449%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4948449%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Intensity%20statistics%20of%20very%20high%20frequency%20sound%20scattered%20from%20wind-driven%20waves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walstead%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20interaction%20of%20vhf%20100-1000%20kHz%20underwater%20sound%20with%20the%20ocean%20surface%20is%20explored.%20The%20bistatic%20forward%20scatter%20of%20300%20kHz%20sound%20is%20measured%20in%20a%20wind%20driven%20wave%20channel.%20Fluctuations%20in%20arrival%20amplitude%20are%20described%20by%20the%20scintillation%20index%20%28SI%29%20which%20is%20a%20measure%20of%20arrival%20intensity%20variance.%20SI%20initially%20increases%20with%20wind%20speed%20but%20eventually%20saturates%20to%20a%20value%20of%200.5%20when%20the%20root-mean-square%20%28rms%29%20roughness%20is%200.5%20mm.%20An%20adjusted%20scintillation%20index%20%28SI%2A%29%20is%20suggested%20that%20accounts%20for%20the%20multiple%20arrivals%20and%20properly%20saturates%20to%20a%20value%20of%201.%20Fluctuations%20in%20arrival%20time%20do%20not%20saturate%20and%20increase%20proportionately%20to%20the%20dominant%20surface%20wave%20component.%20Forward%20scattering%20is%20modeled%20at%20frequencies%20ranging%20from%2050%20to%202000%20kHz%20using%20the%20Helmholtz-Kirchhoff%20integral%20with%20surface%20wave%20realizations%20derived%20from%20wave%20gauge%20data.%20The%20amplitude%20and%20temporal%20statistics%20of%20the%20simulated%20scattering%20agree%20well%20with%20measured%20data.%20Intensity%20saturation%20occurs%20at%20lower%20wind%20speeds%20for%20higher%20frequency%20sound.%20Both%20measured%20and%20modeled%20vhf%20sound%20is%20characterized%20by%20many%20surface%20arrivals%20at%20saturation.%20Doppler%20shifts%20associated%20with%20wave%20motion%20are%20expected%20to%20vary%20rapidly%20for%20vhf%20sound%20however%20further%20analysis%20is%20required.%20%28C%29%202016%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.4948449%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DB4NRGZA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deane%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Callaghan%2C%20A.%20H.%20%282016%29.%20The%20saturation%20of%20fluid%20turbulence%20in%20breaking%20laboratory%20waves%20and%20implications%20for%20whitecaps.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20975%26%23x2013%3B992.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-14-0187.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-14-0187.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20saturation%20of%20fluid%20turbulence%20in%20breaking%20laboratory%20waves%20and%20implications%20for%20whitecaps%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callaghan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Measurements%20of%20energy%20dissipated%20in%20breaking%20laboratory%20waves%2C%20averaged%20over%20time%20and%20space%20and%20directly%20visualized%20with%20a%20bioluminescent%20technique%2C%20are%20presented.%20These%20data%20show%20that%20the%20energy%20dissipated%20in%20the%20crest%20of%20the%20breaking%20waves%20is%20constrained%3A%20average%20turbulence%20intensity%20within%20the%20crest%20saturates%20at%20around%200.5-1.2%20W%20kg%28-1%29%2C%20whereas%20breaking%20crest%20volume%20scales%20with%20wave%20energy%20lost.%20These%20results%20are%20consistent%20with%20laboratory%20and%20field%20observations%20of%20the%20Hinze%20scale%2C%20which%20is%20the%20radius%20of%20the%20largest%20bubble%20entrained%20within%20a%20breaking%20crest%20that%20is%20stabilized%20against%20turbulent%20fragmentation.%20The%20Hinze%20scale%20depends%20on%20turbulence%20intensity%20but%20lies%20in%20the%20restricted%20range%200.7-1.7%20mm%20over%20more%20than%20two%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20variation%20in%20underlying%20unbroken%20wave%20energy.%20The%20results%20have%20important%20implications%20for%20understanding%20the%20energetics%20of%20breaking%20waves%20in%20the%20field%2C%20the%20injection%20of%20turbulence%20into%20the%20upper%20ocean%2C%20and%20air-sea%20exchange%20processes%20in%20wind-driven%20seas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-14-0187.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A16%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VRCANLW4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deane%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Latz%2C%20M.%20I.%20%282016%29.%20Bubble%20stimulation%20efficiency%20of%20dinoflagellate%20bioluminescence.%20%3Ci%3ELuminescence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E31%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20270%26%23x2013%3B280.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fbio.2957%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fbio.2957%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bubble%20stimulation%20efficiency%20of%20dinoflagellate%20bioluminescence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20Dale%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Latz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dinoflagellate%20bioluminescence%2C%20a%20common%20source%20of%20bioluminescence%20in%20coastal%20waters%2C%20is%20stimulated%20by%20flow%20agitation.%20Although%20bubbles%20are%20anecdotally%20known%20to%20be%20stimulatory%2C%20the%20process%20has%20never%20been%20experimentally%20investigated.%20This%20study%20quantified%20the%20flash%20response%20of%20the%20bioluminescent%20dinoflagellate%20Lingulodinium%20polyedrum%20to%20stimulation%20by%20bubbles%20rising%20through%20still%20seawater.%20Cells%20were%20stimulated%20by%20isolated%20bubbles%20of%200.3%5Cu20133%20mm%20radii%20rising%20at%20their%20terminal%20velocity%2C%20and%20also%20by%20bubble%20clouds%20containing%20bubbles%20of%200.06%5Cu201310%20mm%20radii%20for%20different%20air%20flow%20rates.%20Stimulation%20efficiency%2C%20the%20proportion%20of%20cells%20producing%20a%20flash%20within%20the%20volume%20of%20water%20swept%20out%20by%20a%20rising%20bubble%2C%20decreased%20with%20decreasing%20bubble%20radius%20for%20radii%20less%20than%20approximately%201%20mm.%20Bubbles%20smaller%20than%20a%20critical%20radius%20in%20the%20range%200.275%5Cu20130.325%20mm%20did%20not%20stimulate%20a%20flash%20response.%20The%20fraction%20of%20cells%20stimulated%20by%20bubble%20clouds%20was%20proportional%20to%20the%20volume%20of%20air%20in%20the%20bubble%20cloud%2C%20with%20lower%20stimulation%20levels%20observed%20for%20clouds%20with%20smaller%20bubbles.%20An%20empirical%20model%20for%20bubble%20cloud%20stimulation%20based%20on%20the%20isolated%20bubble%20observations%20successfully%20reproduced%20the%20observed%20stimulation%20by%20bubble%20clouds%20for%20low%20air%20flow%20rates.%20High%20air%20flow%20rates%20stimulated%20more%20light%20emission%20than%20expected%2C%20presumably%20because%20of%20additional%20fluid%20shear%20stress%20associated%20with%20collective%20buoyancy%20effects%20generated%20by%20the%20high%20air%20fraction%20bubble%20cloud.%20These%20results%20are%20relevant%20to%20bioluminescence%20stimulation%20by%20bubbles%20in%20two-phase%20flows%2C%20such%20as%20in%20ship%20wakes%2C%20breaking%20waves%2C%20and%20sparged%20bioreactors.%20Copyright%20%5Cu00a9%202015%20John%20Wiley%20%26%20Sons%2C%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fbio.2957%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221522-7243%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%2C%22S9G2H2BU%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A17%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HX9B59FS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glowacki%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGlowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%2C%20Tegowski%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Blondel%2C%20P.%20%282015%29.%20Two-element%20acoustic%20array%20gives%20insight%20into%20ice-ocean%20interactions%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Spitsbergen.%20%3Ci%3EPolish%20Polar%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20355%26%23x2013%3B367.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1515%5C%2Fpopore-2015-0025%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1515%5C%2Fpopore-2015-0025%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Two-element%20acoustic%20array%20gives%20insight%20into%20ice-ocean%20interactions%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Spitsbergen%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tegowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blondel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Glacierized%20fjords%20are%20dynamic%20regions%2C%20with%20variable%20oceanographic%20conditions%20and%20complex%20ice-ocean%20interactions%2C%20which%20are%20still%20poorly%20understood.%20Recent%20studies%20have%20shown%20that%20passive%20underwater%20acoustics%20offers%20new%20promising%20tools%20in%20this%20branch%20of%20polar%20research.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20results%20from%20two%20field%20campaigns%2C%20conducted%20in%20summer%202013%20and%20spring%202014.%20Several%20recordings%20with%20a%20bespoke%20two-hydrophone%20acoustic%20buoy%20were%20made%20in%20different%20parts%20of%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Spitsbergen%20in%20the%20vicinity%20of%20tidewater%20glaciers%20to%20study%20the%20directionality%20of%20underwater%20ambient%20noise.%20Representative%20segments%20of%20the%20data%20are%20used%20to%20illustrate%20the%20analyses%2C%20and%20determine%20the%20directions%20of%20sound%20sources%20by%20using%20the%20time%20differences%20of%20arrivals%20between%20two%20horizontally%20aligned%2C%20broadband%20hydrophones.%20The%20results%20reveal%20that%20low%20frequency%20noise%20%28%3C3%20kHz%29%20is%20radiated%20mostly%20from%20the%20ice%20cliffs%2C%20while%20high-frequency%20%28%3E3%20kHz%29%20noise%20directionality%20strongly%20depends%20on%20the%20distribution%20of%20floating%20glacial%20ice%20throughout%20the%20fjord.%20Changing%20rates%20of%20iceberg%20production%20as%20seen%20for%20example%20in%20field%20photographs%20and%20logs%20are%2C%20in%20turn%2C%20most%20likely%20linked%20to%20signal%20amplitudes%20for%20relevant%20directions.%20These%20findings%20demonstrate%20the%20potential%20offered%20by%20passive%20acoustics%20to%20study%20the%20dynamics%20of%20individual%20tidewater%20glaciers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1515%5C%2Fpopore-2015-0025%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220138-0338%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225IAFNYFE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20C.%2C%20Sultana%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Collins%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Santander%2C%20M.%20V.%2C%20Axson%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Malfatti%2C%20F.%2C%20Cornwell%2C%20G.%20C.%2C%20Grandquist%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Azam%2C%20F.%2C%20Grassian%2C%20V.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%20%282015%29.%20Advancing%20model%20systems%20for%20fundamental%20laboratory%20studies%20of%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20using%20the%20microbial%20loop.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Chemistry%20A%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E119%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2833%29%2C%208860%26%23x2013%3B8870.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facs.jpca.5b03488%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facs.jpca.5b03488%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Advancing%20model%20systems%20for%20fundamental%20laboratory%20studies%20of%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20using%20the%20microbial%20loop%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sultana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Axson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malfatti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornwell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grandquist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grassian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%20particles%20represent%20one%20of%20the%20most%20abundant%20surfaces%20available%20for%20heterogeneous%20reactions%20to%20occur%20upon%20and%20thus%20profoundly%20alter%20the%20composition%20of%20the%20troposphere.%20In%20an%20effort%20to%20better%20understand%20tropospheric%20heterogeneous%20reaction%20processes%2C%20fundamental%20laboratory%20studies%20must%20be%20able%20to%20accurately%20reproduce%20the%20chemical%20complexity%20of%20SSA.%20Here%20we%20describe%20a%20new%20approach%20that%20uses%20microbial%20processes%20to%20control%20the%20composition%20of%20seawater%20and%20SSA%20particle%20composition.%20By%20inducing%20a%20phytoplankton%20bloom%2C%20we%20are%20able%20to%20create%20dynamic%20ecosystem%20interactions%20between%20marine%20microorganisms%2C%20which%20serve%20to%20alter%20the%20organic%20mixtures%20present%20in%20seawater.%20Using%20this%20controlled%20approach%2C%20changes%20in%20seawater%20composition%20become%20reflected%20in%20the%20chemical%20composition%20of%20SSA%20particles%204%20to%2010%20d%20after%20the%20peak%20in%20chlorophyll-a.%20This%20approach%20for%20producing%20and%20varying%20the%20chemical%20complexity%20of%20a%20dominant%20tropospheric%20aerosol%20provides%20the%20foundation%20for%20further%20investigations%20of%20the%20physical%20and%20chemical%20properties%20of%20realistic%20SSA%20particles%20under%20controlled%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1021%5C%2Facs.jpca.5b03488%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221089-5639%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22ATU2JDYP%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A12%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229P2V5YCK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glowacki%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGlowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%2C%20Blondel%2C%20P.%2C%20Tegowski%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Blaszczyk%2C%20M.%20%282015%29.%20Underwater%20acoustic%20signatures%20of%20glacier%20calving.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202014GL062859.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2014GL062859%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2014GL062859%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Underwater%20acoustic%20signatures%20of%20glacier%20calving%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blondel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tegowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blaszczyk%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Climate-driven%20ice-water%20interactions%20in%20the%20contact%20zone%20between%20marine-terminating%20glaciers%20and%20the%20ocean%20surface%20show%20a%20dynamic%20and%20complex%20nature.%20Tidewater%20glaciers%20lose%20volume%20through%20the%20poorly%20understood%20process%20of%20calving.%20A%20detailed%20description%20of%20the%20mechanisms%20controlling%20the%20course%20of%20calving%20is%20essential%20for%20the%20reliable%20estimation%20and%20prediction%20of%20mass%20loss%20from%20glaciers.%20Here%20we%20present%20the%20potential%20of%20hydroacoustic%20methods%20to%20investigate%20different%20modes%20of%20ice%20detachments.%20High-frequency%20underwater%20ambient%20noise%20recordings%20are%20combined%20with%20synchronized%2C%20high-resolution%2C%20time-lapse%20photography%20of%20the%20Hans%20Glacier%20cliff%20in%20Hornsund%20Fjord%2C%20Spitsbergen%2C%20to%20identify%20three%20types%20of%20calving%20events%3A%20typical%20subaerial%2C%20sliding%20subaerial%2C%20and%20submarine.%20A%20quantitative%20analysis%20of%20the%20data%20reveals%20a%20robust%20correlation%20between%20ice%20impact%20energy%20and%20acoustic%20emission%20at%20frequencies%20below%20200%5Cu2009Hz%20for%20subaerial%20calving.%20We%20suggest%20that%20relatively%20inexpensive%20acoustic%20methods%20can%20be%20successfully%20used%20to%20provide%20quantitative%20descriptions%20of%20the%20various%20calving%20types.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2014GL062859%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221944-8007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227TMC5JU6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Callaghan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECallaghan%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282014%29.%20The%20effect%20of%20water%20temperature%20on%20air%20entrainment%2C%20bubble%20plumes%2C%20and%20surface%20foam%20in%20a%20laboratory%20breaking-wave%20analog.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E119%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%207463%26%23x2013%3B7482.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2014jc010351%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2014jc010351%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20water%20temperature%20on%20air%20entrainment%2C%20bubble%20plumes%2C%20and%20surface%20foam%20in%20a%20laboratory%20breaking-wave%20analog%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callaghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Air-entraining%20breaking%20waves%20form%20oceanic%20whitecaps%20and%20play%20a%20key%20role%20in%20climate%20regulation%20through%20air-sea%20bubble-mediated%20gas%20transfer%2C%20and%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20production.%20The%20effect%20of%20varying%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20on%20air%20entrainment%2C%20subsurface%20bubble%20plume%20dynamics%2C%20and%20surface%20foam%20evolution%20intrinsic%20to%20oceanic%20whitecaps%20has%20not%20been%20well%20studied.%20By%20using%20a%20breaking%20wave%20analog%20in%20the%20laboratory%20over%20a%20range%20of%20water%20temperatures%20%28T-w%3D5%20degrees%20C%20to%20T-w%3D30%20degrees%20C%29%20and%20different%20source%20waters%2C%20we%20have%20examined%20changes%20in%20air%20entrainment%2C%20subsurface%20bubble%20plumes%2C%20and%20surface%20foam%20evolution%20over%20the%20course%20of%20a%20breaking%20event.%20For%20filtered%20seawater%2C%20air%20entrainment%20was%20estimated%20to%20increase%20by%206%25%20between%20T-w%3D6%20degrees%20C%20and%20T-w%3D30%20degrees%20C%2C%20driven%20by%20increases%20of%20about%2043%25%20in%20the%20measured%20surface%20roughness%20of%20the%20plunging%20water%20sheet.%20After%20active%20air%20entrainment%2C%20the%20rate%20of%20loss%20of%20air%20through%20bubble%20degassing%20was%20more%20rapid%20at%20colder%20water%20temperatures%20within%20the%20first%200.5%20s%20of%20plume%20evolution.%20Thereafter%2C%20the%20trend%20reversed%20and%20bubbles%20degassed%20more%20quickly%20in%20warmer%20water.%20The%20largest%20observed%20temperature-dependent%20differences%20in%20subsurface%20bubble%20distributions%20occurred%20at%20radii%20greater%20than%20about%20700%20m.%20Temperature-dependent%20trends%20observed%20in%20the%20subsurface%20bubble%20plume%20were%20mirrored%20in%20the%20temporal%20evolution%20of%20the%20surface%20whitecap%20foam%20area%20demonstrating%20the%20intrinsic%20link%20between%20surface%20whitecap%20foam%20and%20the%20subsurface%20bubble%20plume.%20Differences%20in%20foam%20and%20plume%20characteristics%20due%20to%20different%20water%20sources%20were%20greater%20than%20the%20temperature%20dependencies%20for%20the%20filtered%20seawater%20examined.%20Key%20Points%20%3Clist%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20952-list-0001%5C%22%20list-type%3D%5C%22bulleted%5C%22%3E%20%3Clist-item%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20952-li-0001%5C%22%3EEntrainment%20increases%20with%20increasing%20water%20temperature%20%3Clist-item%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20952-li-0002%5C%22%3EIntegrated%20foam%20area%20increases%20with%20increasing%20water%20temperature%20%3Clist-item%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20952-li-0003%5C%22%3ESubsurface%20bubble%20population%20evolution%20exhibits%20a%20temperature%20dependence%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2014jc010351%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-29T22%3A45%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228RTZRG76%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deane%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Glowacki%2C%20O.%2C%20Tegowski%2C%20J.%2C%20Moskalik%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Blondel%2C%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Directionality%20of%20the%20ambient%20noise%20field%20in%20an%20Arctic%2C%20glacial%20bay.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E136%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20EL350%26%23x2013%3BEL356.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4897354%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4897354%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Directionality%20of%20the%20ambient%20noise%20field%20in%20an%20Arctic%2C%20glacial%20bay%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glowacki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tegowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moskalik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blondel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20directionality%20of%20ambient%20noise%20in%20an%20Arctic%20tidewater%20glacier%20bay%20was%20measured%20using%20two%20horizontally%20spaced%2C%20broadband%20hydrophones.%20Segments%20of%20noise%20were%20divided%20into%20two%20frequency%20bands%20and%20analyzed%20for%20arrival%20angle.%20These%20data%20show%20that%20different%20classes%20of%20source%20radiate%20noise%20in%20distinct%20spectral%20bands%20and%20are%20spatially%20diverse.%20A%20previously%20unidentified%20source%2C%20the%20interaction%20of%20surface%20gravity%20waves%20with%20underside%20of%20ice%20ledges%20at%20the%20periphery%20of%20icebergs%2C%20is%20described.%20The%20generation%20of%20noise%20by%20ice-wave%20interaction%20suggests%20that%20surface%20waves%20should%20be%20measured%20if%20ambient%20noise%20is%20to%20be%20used%20to%20monitor%20ice%20dynamics%20in%20glacial%20fjords.%20%28C%29%202014%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.4897354%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PUQB5PTP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Collins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECollins%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Zhao%2C%20D.%20F.%2C%20Ruppel%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Laskina%2C%20O.%2C%20Grandquist%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Modini%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Russell%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Bertram%2C%20T.%20H.%2C%20Grassian%2C%20V.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prather%2C%20K.%20A.%20%282014%29.%20Direct%20aerosol%20chemical%20composition%20measurements%20to%20evaluate%20the%20physicochemical%20differences%20between%20controlled%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20generation%20schemes.%20%3Ci%3EAtmospheric%20Measurement%20Techniques%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%203667%26%23x2013%3B3683.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Famt-7-3667-2014%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Famt-7-3667-2014%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Direct%20aerosol%20chemical%20composition%20measurements%20to%20evaluate%20the%20physicochemical%20differences%20between%20controlled%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20generation%20schemes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruppel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laskina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grandquist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Modini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grassian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Controlled%20laboratory%20studies%20of%20the%20physical%20and%20chemical%20properties%20of%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%20must%20be%20underpinned%20by%20a%20physically%20and%20chemically%20accurate%20representation%20of%20the%20bubble-mediated%20production%20of%20nascent%20SSA%20particles.%20Bubble%20bursting%20is%20sensitive%20to%20the%20physicochemical%20properties%20of%20seawater.%20For%20a%20sample%20of%20seawater%2C%20any%20important%20differences%20in%20the%20SSA%20production%20mechanism%20are%20projected%20into%20the%20composition%20of%20the%20aerosol%20particles%20produced.%20Using%20direct%20chemical%20measurements%20of%20SSA%20at%20the%20single-particle%20level%2C%20this%20study%20presents%20an%20intercomparison%20of%20three%20laboratory-based%2C%20bubble-mediated%20SSA%20production%20schemes%3A%20gas%20forced%20through%20submerged%20sintered%20glass%20filters%20%28%5C%22frits%5C%22%29%2C%20a%20pulsed%20plunging-waterfall%20apparatus%2C%20and%20breaking%20waves%20in%20a%20wave%20channel%20filled%20with%20natural%20seawater.%20The%20size-resolved%20chemical%20composition%20of%20SSA%20particles%20produced%20by%20breaking%20waves%20is%20more%20similar%20to%20particles%20produced%20by%20the%20plunging%20waterfall%20than%20those%20produced%20by%20sintered%20glass%20filters.%20Aerosol%20generated%20by%20disintegrating%20foam%20produced%20by%20sintered%20glass%20filters%20contained%20a%20larger%20fraction%20of%20organic-enriched%20particles%20and%20a%20different%20size-resolved%20elemental%20composition%2C%20especially%20in%20the%200.8-2%20mu%20m%20dry%20diameter%20range.%20Interestingly%2C%20chemical%20differences%20between%20the%20methods%20only%20emerged%20when%20the%20particles%20were%20chemically%20analyzed%20at%20the%20single-particle%20level%20as%20a%20function%20of%20size%3B%20averaging%20the%20elemental%20composition%20of%20all%20particles%20across%20all%20sizes%20masked%20the%20differences%20between%20the%20SSA%20samples.%20When%20dried%2C%20SSA%20generated%20by%20the%20sintered%20glass%20filters%20had%20the%20highest%20fraction%20of%20particles%20with%20spherical%20morphology%20compared%20to%20the%20more%20cubic%20structure%20expected%20for%20pure%20NaCl%20particles%20produced%20when%20the%20particle%20contains%20relatively%20little%20organic%20carbon.%20In%20addition%20to%20an%20intercomparison%20of%20three%20SSA%20production%20methods%2C%20the%20role%20of%20the%20episodic%20or%20%5C%22pulsed%5C%22%20nature%20of%20the%20waterfall%20method%20on%20SSA%20composition%20was%20undertaken.%20In%20organic-enriched%20seawater%2C%20the%20continuous%20operation%20of%20the%20plunging%20waterfall%20resulted%20in%20the%20accumulation%20of%20surface%20foam%20and%20an%20over-expression%20of%20organic%20matter%20in%20SSA%20particles%20compared%20to%20those%20produced%20by%20a%20pulsed%20plunging%20waterfall.%20Throughout%20this%20set%20of%20experiments%2C%20comparative%20differences%20in%20the%20SSA%20number%20size%20distribution%20were%20coincident%20with%20differences%20in%20aerosol%20particle%20composition%2C%20indicating%20that%20the%20production%20mechanism%20of%20SSA%20exerts%20important%20controls%20on%20both%20the%20physical%20and%20chemical%20properties%20of%20the%20resulting%20aerosol%20with%20respect%20to%20both%20the%20internal%20and%20external%20mixing%20state%20of%20particles.%20This%20study%20provides%20insight%20into%20the%20inextricable%20physicochemical%20differences%20between%20each%20of%20the%20bubble-mediated%20SSA%20generation%20mechanisms%20tested%20and%20the%20aerosol%20particles%20that%20they%20produce%2C%20and%20also%20serves%20as%20a%20guideline%20for%20future%20laboratory%20studies%20of%20SSA%20particles.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Famt-7-3667-2014%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221867-1381%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%2C%22A7SDMQLT%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-15T17%3A26%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MTCXKAKZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Walstead%20and%20Deane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWalstead%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282014%29.%20Reconstructing%20surface%20wave%20profiles%20from%20reflected%20acoustic%20pulses%20using%20multiple%20receivers.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E136%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20604%26%23x2013%3B613.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4887449%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4887449%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reconstructing%20surface%20wave%20profiles%20from%20reflected%20acoustic%20pulses%20using%20multiple%20receivers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walstead%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Surface%20wave%20shapes%20are%20determined%20by%20analyzing%20underwater%20reflected%20acoustic%20signals%20collected%20at%20multiple%20receivers.%20The%20transmitted%20signals%20are%20of%20nominal%20frequency%20300%20kHz%20and%20are%20reflected%20off%20surface%20gravity%20waves%20that%20are%20paddle-generated%20in%20a%20wave%20tank.%20An%20inverse%20processing%20algorithm%20reconstructs%2050%20surface%20wave%20shapes%20over%20a%20length%20span%20of%202.10%20m.%20The%20inverse%20scheme%20uses%20a%20broad-band%20forward%20scattering%20model%20based%20on%20Kirchhoff%27s%20diffraction%20formula%20to%20determine%20wave%20shapes.%20The%20surface%20reconstruction%20algorithm%20is%20self-starting%20in%20that%20source%20and%20receiver%20geometry%20and%20initial%20estimates%20of%20wave%20shape%20are%20determined%20from%20the%20same%20acoustic%20signals%20used%20in%20the%20inverse%20processing.%20A%20high%20speed%20camera%20provides%20ground-truth%20measurements%20of%20the%20surface%20wave%20field%20for%20comparison%20with%20the%20acoustically%20derived%20surface%20waves.%20Within%20Fresnel%20zone%20regions%20the%20statistical%20confidence%20of%20the%20inversely%20optimized%20surface%20profile%20exceeds%20that%20of%20the%20camera%20profile.%20Reconstructed%20surfaces%20are%20accurate%20to%20a%20resolution%20of%20about%20a%20quarter-wavelength%20of%20the%20acoustic%20pulse%20only%20within%20Fresnel%20zones%20associated%20with%20each%20source%20and%20receiver%20pair.%20Multiple%20isolated%20Fresnel%20zones%20from%20multiple%20receivers%20extend%20the%20spatial%20extent%20of%20accurate%20surface%20reconstruction%20while%20overlapping%20Fresnel%20zones%20increase%20confidence%20in%20the%20optimized%20profiles%20there.%20%28C%29%202014%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.4887449%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L3M8HKBV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deane%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Preisig%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lavery%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282013%29.%20The%20suspension%20of%20large%20bubbles%20near%20the%20sea%20surface%20by%20turbulence%20and%20their%20role%20in%20absorbing%20forward-scattered%20sound.%20%3Ci%3EIeee%20Journal%20of%20Oceanic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20632%26%23x2013%3B641.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2013.2257573%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2013.2257573%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20suspension%20of%20large%20bubbles%20near%20the%20sea%20surface%20by%20turbulence%20and%20their%20role%20in%20absorbing%20forward-scattered%20sound%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Preisig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lavery%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20anecdotal%20evidence%20that%20under%20conditions%20of%20moderate%20to%20high%20wind%20speeds%20%288-15%20m%20.%20s%28-1%29%29%2C%20clouds%20of%20bubbles%20entrained%20in%20the%20near-surface%20layer%20by%20breaking%20waves%20can%20create%20a%20benign%20underwater%20communications%20channel%20through%20the%20resonant%20absorption%20of%20forward-scattered%20sound%2C%20reducing%20reverberation%20times%20and%20the%20occurrence%20of%20high-intensity%2C%20Doppler-shifted%20arrivals.%20Current%20models%20for%20the%20effects%20of%20bubbles%20on%20surface-interacting%20sound%20show%20two%20effects%3A%20refraction%20of%20low-frequency%20sound%20due%20to%20reductions%20in%20sound%20speed%20near%20the%20surface%20and%20resonant%20absorption%20at%20higher%20frequencies.%20These%20models%20include%20uncertainty%20in%20the%20numbers%20and%20sizes%20of%20the%20largest%20bubbles%20present%20in%20the%20near-surface%20layer%2C%20and%20their%20dependence%20on%20wind%20speed.%20This%20uncertainty%20makes%20quantitative%20prediction%20of%20bubble%20effects%20in%20the%20underwater%20acoustic%20communications%20band%20of%20workhorse%20frequencies%20%2810-30%20kHz%29%20difficult.%20The%20model%20calculations%20presented%20here%20show%20that%20resonant%20absorption%20associated%20with%20the%20largest%20bubbles%20is%20strongly%20frequency%20and%20wind-speed%20dependent.%20The%20frequency%20dependence%20can%20be%20explained%20by%20the%20concept%20of%20a%20bubble%20escape%20radius%3B%20this%20being%20the%20radius%20of%20a%20bubble%20for%20which%20turbulent%20fluid%20velocity%20fluctuations%20and%20bubble%20terminal%20velocity%20in%20the%20upper%20ocean%20boundary%20layer%20balance.%20Bubbles%20smaller%20than%20the%20escape%20radius%20tend%20to%20remain%20trapped%20by%20fluid%20turbulence%20while%20larger%20bubbles%20are%20lost%20to%20the%20surface%20through%20buoyant%20degassing.%20Calculation%20of%20the%20escape%20radius%20provides%20a%20means%20of%20estimating%20the%20lowest%20frequency%20at%20which%20resonant%20absorption%20can%20be%20expected%20for%20a%20given%20wind%20speed.%20Initial%20estimates%20suggest%20that%20resonant%20absorption%20at%2010%20kHz%20begins%20at%2010-m%20wind%20speeds%20of%20around%208%20ms%28-1%29%2C%20and%20significant%20surface%20bounce%20losses%20at%20frequencies%20lower%20than%20this%20are%20expected%20in%20the%20range%20of%20wind%20speeds%2013-20%20m%20s%28-1%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2Fjoe.2013.2257573%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364-9059%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227KBJ74J4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Callaghan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECallaghan%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282013%29.%20Two%20regimes%20of%20laboratory%20whitecap%20foam%20decay%3A%20Bubble-plume%20controlled%20and%20surfactant%20stabilized.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201114%26%23x2013%3B1126.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-12-0148.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-12-0148.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Two%20regimes%20of%20laboratory%20whitecap%20foam%20decay%3A%20Bubble-plume%20controlled%20and%20surfactant%20stabilized%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callaghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20laboratory%20experiment%20to%20quantify%20whitecap%20foam%20decay%20time%20in%20the%20presence%20or%20absence%20of%20surface%20active%20material%20is%20presented.%20The%20investigation%20was%20carried%20out%20in%20the%20glass%20seawater%20channel%20at%20the%20Hydraulics%20Facility%20of%20Scripps%20Institution%20of%20Oceanography.%20Whitecaps%20were%20generated%20with%20focused%2C%20breaking%20wave%20packets%20in%20filtered%20seawater%20pumped%20from%20La%20Jolla%20Shores%20Beach%20with%20and%20without%20the%20addition%20of%20the%20surfactant%20Triton%20X-100.%20Concentrations%20of%20Triton%20X-100%20%28204%20mu%20g%20L-1%29%20were%20chosen%20to%20correspond%20to%20ocean%20conditions%20of%20medium%20productivity.%20Whitecap%20foam%20and%20subsurface%20bubble-plume%20decay%20times%20were%20determined%20from%20digital%20images%20for%20a%20range%20of%20wave%20scales%20and%20wave%20slopes.%20The%20experiment%20showed%20that%20foam%20lifetime%20is%20variable%20and%20controlled%20by%20subsurface%20bubble-plume-degassing%20times%2C%20which%20are%20a%20function%20of%20wave%20scale%20and%20breaking%20wave%20slope.%20This%20is%20true%20whether%20or%20not%20surfactants%20are%20present.%20However%2C%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20surfactants%2C%20whitecap%20foam%20is%20stabilized%20and%20persists%20for%20roughly%20a%20factor%20of%203%20times%20its%20clean%20seawater%20value.%20The%20range%20of%20foam%20decay%20times%20observed%20in%20the%20laboratory%20study%20lie%20within%20the%20range%20of%20values%20observed%20in%20an%20oceanic%20dataset%20obtained%20off%20Martha%27s%20Vineyard%20in%202008.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-12-0148.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WCPAZ7XJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJin%2C%20K.%2C%20Klima%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%2C%20Dale%20Stokes%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Latz%2C%20M.%20I.%20%282013%29.%20Pharmacological%20investigation%20of%20the%20bioluminescence%20signaling%20pathway%20of%20the%20dinoflagellate%20Lingulodinium%20polyedrum%3A%20evidence%20for%20the%20role%20of%20stretch-activated%20ion%20channels.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Phycology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E49%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20733%26%23x2013%3B745.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjpy.12084%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjpy.12084%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pharmacological%20investigation%20of%20the%20bioluminescence%20signaling%20pathway%20of%20the%20dinoflagellate%20Lingulodinium%20polyedrum%3A%20evidence%20for%20the%20role%20of%20stretch-activated%20ion%20channels%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Malcolm%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dale%20Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Latz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dinoflagellate%20bioluminescence%20serves%20as%20a%20whole-cell%20reporter%20of%20mechanical%20stress%2C%20which%20activates%20a%20signaling%20pathway%20that%20appears%20to%20involve%20the%20opening%20of%20voltage-sensitive%20ion%20channels%20and%20release%20of%20calcium%20from%20intracellular%20stores.%20However%2C%20little%20else%20is%20known%20about%20the%20initial%20signaling%20events%20that%20facilitate%20the%20transduction%20of%20mechanical%20stimuli.%20In%20the%20present%20study%20using%20the%20red%20tide%20dinoflagellate%20Lingulodinium%20polyedrum%20%28Stein%29%20Dodge%2C%20two%20forms%20of%20dinoflagellate%20bioluminescence%2C%20mechanically%20stimulated%20and%20spontaneous%20flashes%2C%20were%20used%20as%20reporter%20systems%20to%20pharmacological%20treatments%20that%20targeted%20various%20predicted%20signaling%20events%20at%20the%20plasma%20membrane%20level%20of%20the%20signaling%20pathway.%20Pretreatment%20with%20200%5Cu00a0%5Cu03bcM%20Gadolinium%20III%20%28Gd3%2B%29%2C%20a%20nonspecific%20blocker%20of%20stretch-activated%20and%20some%20voltage-gated%20ion%20channels%2C%20resulted%20in%20strong%20inhibition%20of%20both%20forms%20of%20bioluminescence.%20Pretreatment%20with%2050%5Cu00a0%5Cu03bcM%20nifedipine%2C%20an%20inhibitor%20of%20L-type%20voltage-gated%20Ca2%2B%20channels%20that%20inhibits%20mechanically%20stimulated%20bioluminescence%2C%20did%20not%20inhibit%20spontaneous%20bioluminescence.%20Treatment%20with%201%5Cu00a0mM%20benzyl%20alcohol%2C%20a%20membrane%20fluidizer%2C%20was%20very%20effective%20in%20stimulating%20bioluminescence.%20Benzyl%20alcohol-stimulated%20bioluminescence%20was%20inhibited%20by%20Gd3%2B%20but%20not%20by%20nifedipine%2C%20suggesting%20that%20its%20role%20is%20through%20stretch%20activation%20via%20a%20change%20in%20plasma%20membrane%20fluidity.%20These%20results%20are%20consistent%20with%20the%20presence%20of%20stretch-activated%20and%20voltage-gated%20ion%20channels%20in%20the%20bioluminescence%20mechanotransduction%20signaling%20pathway%2C%20with%20spontaneous%20flashing%20associated%20with%20a%20stretch-activated%20component%20at%20the%20plasma%20membrane.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjpy.12084%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221529-8817%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R9GD5JGV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Walstead%20and%20Deane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWalstead%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282013%29.%20Reconstructing%20surface%20wave%20profiles%20from%20reflected%20acoustic%20pulses.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E133%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%202597%26%23x2013%3B2611.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4795791%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F1.4795791%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reconstructing%20surface%20wave%20profiles%20from%20reflected%20acoustic%20pulses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walstead%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Surface%20wave%20shapes%20are%20determined%20by%20analyzing%20underwater%20reflected%20acoustic%20signals.%20The%20acoustic%20signals%20%28of%20nominal%20frequency%20200%20kHz%29%20are%20forward%20scattered%20from%20the%20underside%20of%20surface%20waves%20that%20are%20generated%20in%20a%20wave%20tank%20and%20scaled%20to%20model%20smooth%20ocean%20swell.%20An%20inverse%20processing%20algorithm%20is%20designed%20and%20implemented%20to%20reconstruct%20the%20surface%20displacement%20profiles%20of%20the%20waves%20over%20one%20complete%20period.%20The%20inverse%20processing%20uses%20the%20surface%20scattered%20pulses%20collected%20at%20the%20receiver%2C%20an%20initial%20wave%20profile%20%28two%20are%20considered%29%2C%20and%20a%20broadband%20forward%20scattering%20model%20based%20on%20Kirchhoff%27s%20diffraction%20formula%20to%20iteratively%20adjust%20the%20surface%20until%20it%20is%20considered%20optimized%20or%20reconstructed.%20Two%20physical%20length%20scales%20over%20which%20information%20can%20be%20known%20about%20the%20surface%20are%20confirmed.%20An%20outer%20length%20scale%2C%20the%20Fresnel%20zone%20surrounding%20each%20specular%20reflection%20point%2C%20is%20the%20only%20region%20where%20optimized%20surfaces%20resulting%20from%20each%20initial%20profile%20converge%20within%20a%20resolution%20set%20by%20the%20inner%20length%20scale%2C%20a%20quarter-wavelength%20of%20the%20acoustic%20pulse.%20The%20statistical%20confidence%20of%20each%20optimized%20surface%20is%20also%20highest%20within%20a%20Fresnel%20zone.%20Future%20design%20considerations%20are%20suggested%20such%20as%20an%20array%20of%20receivers%20that%20increases%20the%20region%20of%20surface%20reconstruction%20by%20a%20factor%20of%202%20to%203.%20%28C%29%202013%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F1.4795791%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222H2XN7FT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Prather%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPrather%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Bertram%2C%20T.%20H.%2C%20Grassian%2C%20V.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20DeMott%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Aluwihare%2C%20L.%20I.%2C%20Palenik%2C%20B.%20P.%2C%20Azam%2C%20F.%2C%20Seinfeld%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20Moffet%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20Molina%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Cappa%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Geiger%2C%20F.%20M.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20G.%20C.%2C%20Russell%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Ault%2C%20A.%20P.%2C%20Baltrusaitis%2C%20J.%2C%20Collins%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Zhao%2C%20D.%20F.%20%282013%29.%20Bringing%20the%20ocean%20into%20the%20laboratory%20to%20probe%20the%20chemical%20complexity%20of%20sea%20spray%20aerosol.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E110%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2819%29%2C%207550%26%23x2013%3B7555.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1300262110%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1300262110%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bringing%20the%20ocean%20into%20the%20laboratory%20to%20probe%20the%20chemical%20complexity%20of%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grassian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeMott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aluwihare%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palenik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seinfeld%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moffet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cappa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Geiger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baltrusaitis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Corrigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cuadra-Rodriguez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ebben%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forestieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guasco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hersey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Modini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pedler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruppel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schoepp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhao%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20production%2C%20size%2C%20and%20chemical%20composition%20of%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20%28SSA%29%20particles%20strongly%20depend%20on%20seawater%20chemistry%2C%20which%20is%20controlled%20by%20physical%2C%20chemical%2C%20and%20biological%20processes.%20Despite%20decades%20of%20studies%20in%20marine%20environments%2C%20a%20direct%20relationship%20has%20yet%20to%20be%20established%20between%20ocean%20biology%20and%20the%20physicochemical%20properties%20of%20SSA.%20The%20ability%20to%20establish%20such%20relationships%20is%20hindered%20by%20the%20fact%20that%20SSA%20measurements%20are%20typically%20dominated%20by%20overwhelming%20background%20aerosol%20concentrations%20even%20in%20remote%20marine%20environments.%20Herein%2C%20we%20describe%20a%20newly%20developed%20approach%20for%20reproducing%20the%20chemical%20complexity%20of%20SSA%20in%20a%20laboratory%20setting%2C%20comprising%20a%20unique%20ocean-atmosphere%20facility%20equipped%20with%20actual%20breaking%20waves.%20A%20mesocosm%20experiment%20was%20performed%20in%20natural%20seawater%2C%20using%20controlled%20phytoplankton%20and%20heterotrophic%20bacteria%20concentrations%2C%20which%20showed%20SSA%20size%20and%20chemical%20mixing%20state%20are%20acutely%20sensitive%20to%20the%20aerosol%20production%20mechanism%2C%20as%20well%20as%20to%20the%20type%20of%20biological%20species%20present.%20The%20largest%20reduction%20in%20the%20hygroscopicity%20of%20SSA%20occurred%20as%20heterotrophic%20bacteria%20concentrations%20increased%2C%20whereas%20phytoplankton%20and%20chlorophyll-a%20concentrations%20decreased%2C%20directly%20corresponding%20to%20a%20change%20in%20mixing%20state%20in%20the%20smallest%20%2860-180%20nm%29%20size%20range.%20Using%20this%20newly%20developed%20approach%20to%20generate%20realistic%20SSA%2C%20systematic%20studies%20can%20now%20be%20performed%20to%20advance%20our%20fundamental%20understanding%20of%20the%20impact%20of%20ocean%20biology%20on%20SSA%20chemical%20mixing%20state%2C%20heterogeneous%20reactivity%2C%20and%20the%20resulting%20climate-relevant%20properties.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1300262110%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DLRVY2FW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stokes%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStokes%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20Prather%2C%20K.%2C%20Bertram%2C%20T.%20H.%2C%20Ruppel%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Ryder%2C%20O.%20S.%2C%20Brady%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zhao%2C%20D.%20%282013%29.%20A%20Marine%20Aerosol%20Reference%20Tank%20system%20as%20a%20breaking%20wave%20analogue%20for%20the%20production%20of%20foam%20and%20sea-spray%20aerosols.%20%3Ci%3EAtmospheric%20Measurement%20Techniques%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201085%26%23x2013%3B1094.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Famt-6-1085-2013%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Famt-6-1085-2013%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Marine%20Aerosol%20Reference%20Tank%20system%20as%20a%20breaking%20wave%20analogue%20for%20the%20production%20of%20foam%20and%20sea-spray%20aerosols%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruppel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brady%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhao%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20order%20to%20better%20understand%20the%20processes%20governing%20the%20production%20of%20marine%20aerosols%20a%20repeatable%2C%20controlled%20method%20for%20their%20generation%20is%20required.%20The%20Marine%20Aerosol%20Reference%20Tank%20%28MART%29%20has%20been%20designed%20to%20closely%20approximate%20oceanic%20conditions%20by%20producing%20an%20evolving%20bubble%20plume%20and%20surface%20foam%20patch.%20The%20tank%20utilizes%20an%20intermittently%20plunging%20sheet%20of%20water%20and%20large%20volume%20tank%20reservoir%20to%20simulate%20turbulence%2C%20plume%20and%20foam%20formation%2C%20and%20the%20water%20flow%20is%20monitored%20volumetrically%20and%20acoustically%20to%20ensure%20the%20repeatability%20of%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Famt-6-1085-2013%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221867-1381%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%226GX7VGSR%22%2C%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A53%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PW298BMX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Modini%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EModini%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20Russell%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stokes%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282013%29.%20Effect%20of%20soluble%20surfactant%20on%20bubble%20persistence%20and%20bubble-produced%20aerosol%20particles.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Atmospheres%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E118%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%201388%26%23x2013%3B1400.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjgrd.50186%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjgrd.50186%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20of%20soluble%20surfactant%20on%20bubble%20persistence%20and%20bubble-produced%20aerosol%20particles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Modini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20soluble%20surfactant%20on%20the%20persistence%20of%20salt-water%20bubbles%20and%20their%20ability%20to%20produce%20aerosol%20particles%20upon%20bursting%20was%20investigated.%20Ensembles%20of%20individual%2C%20millimetric%20bubbles%20were%20produced%20in%20NaCl%20solutions%20of%20varying%20surfactant%20concentration.%20Aerosol%20production%20efficiency-a%20fundamental%20property%20of%20single%20bubbles%20defined%20as%20the%20number%20of%20particles%20produced%20per%20bubble%20film%20cap%20area-decreased%20by%2079%25%20to%2098%25%20following%20the%20addition%20of%20surfactant%20and%20increase%20in%20solution%20film%20pressure%20from%201-2%20to%207-27%20mN%20m%28-1%29.%20The%20generated%20particle%20size%20distributions%20%280.01-10%20mu%20m%20dry%20diameter%29%20contained%20up%20to%20three%20modes%20and%20did%20not%20change%20much%20for%20film%20pressures%20up%20to%2013.8%20mN%20m%28-1%29.%20The%20persistence%20of%20the%20bubbles%20at%20the%20water%20surface%20and%20the%20thickness%20of%20their%20film%20caps%20were%20investigated%20with%20high-speed%20videography.%20Addition%20of%20soluble%20surfactant%20increased%20average%20bubble%20persistence%20providing%20more%20time%20for%20the%20bubbles%20to%20drain%20and%20thin%20out%20with%20the%20aid%20of%20marginal%20regeneration%20flows.%20Bubble%20film%20cap%20thicknesses%20ranged%20from%20around%201%20mu%20m%20for%20relatively%20clean%2C%20short-lived%20bubbles%20to%20less%20than%200.1%20mu%20m%20for%20surfactant-stabilized%2C%20persistent%20bubbles.%20The%20suppression%20of%20aerosol%20production%20from%20the%20surfactant-stabilized%20bubbles%20may%20have%20resulted%20from%20the%20dramatic%20thinning%20of%20their%20caps%20or%20reduced%20surface%20forces%20at%20high%20film%20pressure.%20Previously%20reported%20Sea%20Spray%20Aerosol%20source%20functions%20were%20compared%20to%20measured%20aerosol%20production%20efficiencies%20and%20found%20to%20be%20significantly%20greater%20in%20magnitude%2C%20suggesting%20that%20there%20is%20a%20source%20of%20particles%20from%20whitecaps%20that%20was%20not%20captured%20in%20these%20single-bubble%20experiments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fjgrd.50186%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-897X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DZKRGK8J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EDeane%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20G.%20B.%20%282013%29.%20Determining%20the%20bubble%20cap%20film%20thickness%20of%20bursting%20bubbles%20from%20their%20acoustic%20emissions.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Journal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E133%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20EL69%26%23x2013%3BEL75.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Determining%20the%20bubble%20cap%20film%20thickness%20of%20bursting%20bubbles%20from%20their%20acoustic%20emissions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20study%20of%20the%20sound%20generated%20by%202.5%5Cu2009mm%20radius%20bubbles%20bursting%20on%20the%20surface%20of%20fresh%20water%20is%20presented.%20The%20sound%20pulses%20are%20found%20to%20be%20sensitive%20to%20the%20time%20interval%20between%20the%20bubble%20reaching%20the%20water%20surface%20and%20bursting.%20Bubbles%20that%20burst%20within%20a%20few%2010%27s%20of%20milliseconds%20behave%20like%20a%20Helmholtz%20resonator%20and%20radiate%20a%20swept%20chirp%20pulse.%20Bubbles%20that%20persist%20for%20100%27s%20of%20milliseconds%20or%20more%20exhibit%20more%20complex%20acoustic%20behavior.%20An%20analysis%20of%20the%20resonator%20behavior%20provides%20an%20estimate%20of%20the%20film%20thickness%20in%20reasonable%20agreement%20with%20a%20fluid%20drainage%20model.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22YD63T52A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-16T17%3A46%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Tumminello, P. R., Niles, R., Valdez, V., Madawala, C. K., Gamage, D. K., Kimble, K. A., Leibensperger, R. J., Huang, C., Kaluarachchi, C., Dinasquet, J., Malfatti, F., Lee, C., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., Stone, E., Tivanski, A., Prather, K. A., Boor, B. E., & Slade, J. H. (2024). Size-Dependent Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol Bounce Fractions and Estimated Viscosity: The Role of Divalent Cation Enrichment, Surface Tension, and the Kelvin Effect. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(44), 19666–19678. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c04312
Grossman, S., Johnson, H., Stokes, D., & Deane, G. (2024). Toward monitoring submarine glacier melt using hydroacoustics: The role of timescale in the signal of bubble release. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 156(3), 1820–1838. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0028628
Madawala, C. K., Molina, C., Kim, D., Gamage, D. K., Sun, M., Leibensperger, R. J., Mehndiratta, L., Lee, J., Kaluarachchi, C. P., Kimble, K. A., Sandstrom, G., Harb, C., Dinasquet, J., Malfatti, F., Prather, K. A., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., Lee, C., Slade, J. H., … Tivanski, A. V. (2024). Effects of Wind Speed on Size-Dependent Morphology and Composition of Sea Spray Aerosols. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, acsearthspacechem.4c00119. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00119
Arikan, T., Weiss, A., Vishnu, H., Deane, G. B., Singer, A. C., & Wornell, G. W. (2024). A deep learning method for reflective boundary estimation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 156(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0026437
Johnson, H. A., Glowacki, O., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2024). Brief communication: A technique for making in situ measurements at the ice–water boundary of small pieces of floating glacier ice. The Cryosphere, 18(1), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-265-2024
Dubitsky, L., Deane, G. B., Stokes, D. M., & Bird, J. C. (2024). Modeling the Concentration Enhancement and Selectivity of Plastic Particle Transport in Sea Spray Aerosols. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(7), e2023JC020396. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020396
Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2024). A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Measurements of Whitecap Foam Evolution From Breaking Waves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(1), e2023JC020193. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020193
Tęgowski, J., Glowacki, O., Ciepły, M., Błaszczyk, M., Jania, J., Moskalik, M., Blondel, P., & Deane, G. B. (2023). Monitoring glacier calving using underwater sound. The Cryosphere, 17(10), 4447–4461. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4447-2023
Dubitsky, L., Stokes, M. D., Deane, G. B., & Bird, J. C. (2023). Effects of Salinity Beyond Coalescence on Submicron Aerosol Distributions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(10), e2022JD038222. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD038222
Vishnu, H., Deane, G. B., Glowacki, O., Chitre, M., Johnson, H., Moskalik, M., & Stokes, D. (2023). Depth-dependence of the underwater noise emission from melting glacier ice. JASA Express Letters, 3(2), 020801. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0017348
Arikan, T., Weiss, A., Vishnu, H., Deane, G. B., Singer, A. C., & Wornell, G. W. (2023). An architecture for passive joint localization and structure learning in reverberant environments. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 153(1), 665–677. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0016999
Nelli, F., Deane, G., Ooi, A., & Manasseh, R. (2022). Analysis of sound pressure levels generated by nozzle-emitted large bubbles. JASA Express Letters, 2(5). https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0010377
Zeh, M. C., Ballard, M. S., Glowacki, O., Deane, G. B., & Wilson, P. S. (2022). Model-data comparison of sound propagation in a glacierized fjord with a simulated brash ice surface. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 151(4), 2367–2377. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0010046
Crocker, D. R., Deane, G. B., Cao, R. C., Santander, M. V., Morris, C. K., Mitts, B. A., Dinasquet, J., Amiri, S., Malfatti, F., Prather, K. A., & Thiemens, M. H. (2022). Biologically induced changes in the partitioning of submicron particulates between bulk seawater and the sea surface microlayer. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094587
Steinke, I., DeMott, P. J., Deane, G. B., Hill, T. C. J., Maltrud, M., Raman, A., & Burrows, S. M. (2022). A numerical framework for simulating the atmospheric variability of supermicron marine biogenic ice nucleating particles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(2), 847–859. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-847-2022
Weiss, A., Arikan, T., Vishnu, H., Deane, G. B., Singer, A. C., & Wornell, G. W. (2022). A Semi-Blind Method for Localization of Underwater Acoustic Sources. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 70, 3090–3106. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2022.3173731
Gao, Q., Deane, G. B., & Shen, L. (2021). Bubble production by air filament and cavity breakup in plunging breaking wave crests. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 929, 18. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.890
Mitts, B. A., Wang, X. F., Lucero, D. D., Beall, C. M., Deane, G. B., DeMott, P. J., & Prather, K. A. (2021). Importance of supermicron ice nucleating particles in nascent sea spray. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl089633
Gao, Q., Deane, G. B., Liu, H., & Shen, L. (2021). A robust and accurate technique for Lagrangian tracking of bubbles and detecting fragmentation and coalescence. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103523
Vishnu, H., Deane, G. B., Chitre, M., Glowacki, O., Stokes, D., & Moskalik, M. (2020). Vertical directionality and spatial coherence of the sound field in glacial bays in Hornsund Fjord. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 148(6), 3849–3862. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0002868
Crocker, D. R., Hernandez, R. E., Huang, H. D., Pendergraft, M. A., Cao, R. C., Dai, J. Y., Morris, C. K., Deane, G. B., Prather, K. A., & Thiemens, M. H. (2020). Biological Influence on delta C-13 and Organic Composition of Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol. Acs Earth and Space Chemistry, 4(9), 1686–1699. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00072
Glowacki, O., & Deane, G. B. (2020). Quantifying iceberg calving fluxes with underwater noise. Cryosphere, 14(3), 1025–1042. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1025-2020
Glowacki, O., Deane, G. B., & Moskalik, M. (2018). The intensity, directionality, and statistics of underwater noise from melting icebergs. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(9), 4105–4113. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077632
Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2017). On the imprint of surfactant-driven stabilization of laboratory breaking wave foam with comparison to oceanic whitecaps. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(8), 6110–6128. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jc012809
Wang, X. F., Deane, G. B., Moore, K. A., Ryder, O. S., Stokes, M. D., Beall, C. M., Collins, D. B., Santander, M. V., Burrows, S. M., Sultana, C. M., & Prather, K. A. (2017). The role of jet and film drops in controlling the mixing state of submicron sea spray aerosol particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(27), 6978–6983. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702420114
Hines, P. C., Murphy, S. M., Abraham, D. A., & Deane, G. B. (2017). The dependence of signal coherence on sea-surface roughness for high and low duty cycle sonars in a shallow-water channel. Ieee Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 42(2), 298–318. https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2016.2609019
Glowacki, O., Moskalik, M., & Deane, G. B. (2016). The impact of glacier meltwater on the underwater noise field in a glacial bay. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(12), 8455–8470. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012355
Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2016). Laboratory air-entraining breaking waves: Imaging visible foam signatures to estimate energy dissipation. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(21), 11320–11328. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071226
Deane, G. B. (2016). The performance of high-frequency Doppler sonars in actively breaking wave crests. Ieee Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 41(4), 1028–1034. https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2016.2521247
Stokes, M. D., Deane, G., Collins, D. B., Cappa, C., Bertram, T., Dommer, A., Schill, S., Forestieri, S., & Survilo, M. (2016). A miniature Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (miniMART) as a compact breaking wave analogue. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(9), 4257–4267. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4257-2016
Walstead, S. P., & Deane, G. B. (2016). Determination of ocean surface wave shape from forward scattered sound. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140(2), 787–797. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4960478
DeMott, P. J., Hill, T. C. J., McCluskey, C. S., Prather, K. A., Collins, D. B., Sullivan, R. C., Ruppel, M. J., Mason, R. H., Irish, V. E., Lee, T., Hwang, C. Y., Rhee, T. S., Snider, J. R., McMeeking, G. R., Dhaniyala, S., Lewis, E. R., Wentzell, J. J. B., Abbatt, J., Lee, C., … Franc, G. D. (2016). Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(21), 5797–5803. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514034112
Walstead, S. P., & Deane, G. B. (2016). Intensity statistics of very high frequency sound scattered from wind-driven waves. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 139(5), 2784–2796. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4948449
Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., & Callaghan, A. H. (2016). The saturation of fluid turbulence in breaking laboratory waves and implications for whitecaps. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(3), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0187.1
Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., & Latz, M. I. (2016). Bubble stimulation efficiency of dinoflagellate bioluminescence. Luminescence, 31(1), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.2957
Glowacki, O., Deane, G. B., Moskalik, M., Tegowski, J., & Blondel, P. (2015). Two-element acoustic array gives insight into ice-ocean interactions in Hornsund Fjord, Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 36(4), 355–367. https://doi.org/10.1515/popore-2015-0025
Lee, C., Sultana, C. M., Collins, D. B., Santander, M. V., Axson, J. L., Malfatti, F., Cornwell, G. C., Grandquist, J. R., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., Azam, F., Grassian, V. H., & Prather, K. A. (2015). Advancing model systems for fundamental laboratory studies of sea spray aerosol using the microbial loop. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 119(33), 8860–8870. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03488
Glowacki, O., Deane, G. B., Moskalik, M., Blondel, P., Tegowski, J., & Blaszczyk, M. (2015). Underwater acoustic signatures of glacier calving. Geophysical Research Letters, 2014GL062859. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062859
Callaghan, A. H., Stokes, M. D., & Deane, G. B. (2014). The effect of water temperature on air entrainment, bubble plumes, and surface foam in a laboratory breaking-wave analog. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 119(11), 7463–7482. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010351
Deane, G. B., Glowacki, O., Tegowski, J., Moskalik, M., & Blondel, P. (2014). Directionality of the ambient noise field in an Arctic, glacial bay. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 136(5), EL350–EL356. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4897354
Collins, D. B., Zhao, D. F., Ruppel, M. J., Laskina, O., Grandquist, J. R., Modini, R. L., Stokes, M. D., Russell, L. M., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., & Prather, K. A. (2014). Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 7(11), 3667–3683. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3667-2014
Walstead, S. P., & Deane, G. B. (2014). Reconstructing surface wave profiles from reflected acoustic pulses using multiple receivers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 136(2), 604–613. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4887449
Deane, G. B., Preisig, J. C., & Lavery, A. C. (2013). The suspension of large bubbles near the sea surface by turbulence and their role in absorbing forward-scattered sound. Ieee Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 38(4), 632–641. https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2013.2257573
Callaghan, A. H., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2013). Two regimes of laboratory whitecap foam decay: Bubble-plume controlled and surfactant stabilized. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(6), 1114–1126. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0148.1
Jin, K., Klima, J. C., Deane, G., Dale Stokes, M., & Latz, M. I. (2013). Pharmacological investigation of the bioluminescence signaling pathway of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum: evidence for the role of stretch-activated ion channels. Journal of Phycology, 49(4), 733–745. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12084
Walstead, S. P., & Deane, G. B. (2013). Reconstructing surface wave profiles from reflected acoustic pulses. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(5), 2597–2611. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4795791
Prather, K. A., Bertram, T. H., Grassian, V. H., Deane, G. B., Stokes, M. D., DeMott, P. J., Aluwihare, L. I., Palenik, B. P., Azam, F., Seinfeld, J. H., Moffet, R. C., Molina, M. J., Cappa, C. D., Geiger, F. M., Roberts, G. C., Russell, L. M., Ault, A. P., Baltrusaitis, J., Collins, D. B., … Zhao, D. F. (2013). Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(19), 7550–7555. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300262110
Stokes, M. D., Deane, G. B., Prather, K., Bertram, T. H., Ruppel, M. J., Ryder, O. S., Brady, J. M., & Zhao, D. (2013). A Marine Aerosol Reference Tank system as a breaking wave analogue for the production of foam and sea-spray aerosols. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6(4), 1085–1094. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1085-2013
Modini, R. L., Russell, L. M., Deane, G. B., & Stokes, M. D. (2013). Effect of soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble-produced aerosol particles. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118(3), 1388–1400. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50186
Deane, G. B. (2013). Determining the bubble cap film thickness of bursting bubbles from their acoustic emissions. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(2), EL69–EL75.